Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between isotopes of the same element?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 2

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 3

According to Hund's rule, how are electrons distributed in orbitals of equal energy?

Accepted Answer

Electrons occupy separate orbitals with parallel spins before pairing.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals.

Question 5

What is the formal charge on the carbon atom in the molecule $\mathrm{CH_3Cl}$, given that carbon has 4 valence electrons, shares 8 electrons, and has no unshared electrons?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{FC = 4 - \frac{1}{2}(8) - 0 = 0}$

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is predicted to have a tetrahedral shape according to VSEPR theory?

Accepted Answer

Methane ($\mathrm{CH_4}$)

Question 7

Which of the following statements about bond length and bond strength is correct?

Accepted Answer

A shorter bond is a stronger bond.

Question 8

What is the predicted bond angle around a central atom with three areas of electron density?

Accepted Answer

$120^\circ$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why $\mathrm{C-H}$ bonds in ethyne ($\mathrm{C_2H_2}$) are shorter than those in methane ($\mathrm{CH_4}$)?

Accepted Answer

Ethyne has more s-character in its bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about molecular dipoles?

Accepted Answer

They result from the vector sum of all individual bond dipoles.

Question 11

Which principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers?

Accepted Answer

Pauli exclusion principle

Question 12

What is the main criterion for determining the major contributing resonance structure?

Accepted Answer

The structure with the maximum number of covalent bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of orbital hybridization in methane ($\mathrm{CH_4}$)?

Accepted Answer

Mixing 1 s-orbital with 3 p-orbitals to form 4 $sp^3$ hybrid orbitals.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic bonding?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Question 15

Which argument is LEAST important when determining the major resonance contributor?

Accepted Answer

Less separation of unlike charges.

Question 16

What is the electron configuration for a neutral nitrogen atom?

Accepted Answer

$1s^2 2s^2 2p^3$

Question 17

Which of the following molecules is non-polar despite having polar bonds?

Accepted Answer

Carbon tetrachloride ($\mathrm{CCl_4}$)

Question 18

Which hybridization state is associated with a linear molecular geometry?

Accepted Answer

$sp$

Question 19

In molecular orbital theory, how many molecular orbitals are formed when two atomic orbitals combine?

Accepted Answer

Two molecular orbitals: one bonding and one antibonding.

General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons (Chapter 2 Study Notes)

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