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Organic Chemistry Exam 1 Review: Structure, Bonding, and Hydrocarbons

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Atomic Structure

  • Three rules about orbitals you need to know.
    02:54
  • Understanding the hydrogen isotopes.
    03:06
  • The difference between atomic numbers and atomic mass.
    01:44

Wave Function

  • Constructive vs. destructive interference.
    03:18
  • The probability of finding electrons in a given place.
    05:41

Lewis Structure

  • Drawing the Lewis Structure for N2H4.
    04:12
  • How to use Organic Chemistry to make Lewis Structures easier.
    03:49

Octet Rule

  • LCAO model proves why Noble gases are so stable.
    03:48
  • The most important parts of the periodic table for organic chemistry
    02:24
  • How Noble gases are related to the octet rule.
    01:05

Formal Charges

  • Calculate the formal charges of ALL atoms.
    02:21
  • Calculating formal and net charge.
    01:34

Bonding Preferences

  • What is the difference between valence and octet electrons?
    02:04
  • Understanding the hydrogen isotopes.
    08:32
  • What is a valence electron?
    02:14

Resonance Structures

  • How to draw a resonance hybrid.
    03:24
  • The rules you need for resonance:
    03:34
  • How to determine which structure is most stable.
    01:32

Sigma and Pi Bonds

  • Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds.
    06:00
  • Sigma bonds and pi bonds
    01:05
  • Sigma bonds and pi bonds
    00:59

Electronegativity

  • Differences between ionic, polar and covalent bonds
    11:33

Molecular Geometry

  • Predict the hybridization and molecular geometry
    01:54
  • Molecular Geometry Explained.
    07:44

Intermolecular Forces

  • How dipole-dipole forces work.
    01:46
  • How IMFs are related to melting and boiling points.
    03:08
  • How Van der Waals forces work.
    03:01

Solubility

  • Introducing common solvents and other molecules in organic chemistry.
    02:01
  • Understanding “like dissolves like”.
    01:47

Acid and Base Definitions

  • Lewis vs. Bronsted-Lowry Definition
    07:46
  • The Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases.
    00:54
  • Equilibrium constant and conjugates.
    02:11

Equilibrium Constant and pKa

  • The pH scale vs. the pKa scale.
    02:15
  • The relationship between equilibrium constant and pKa.
    02:19
  • Why we use pKa instead of pH.
    01:46

pKa Values

  • Identifying pKa values
    07:45
  • The 12 pKa values you want to memorize (because they are important!).
    09:36

Acid Base Equilibrium

  • The 3 steps for determining the direction of acid and base equilibrium.
    05:11
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    04:00
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    02:34

Factors Affecting Acidity

  • Which of the oxides is the most basic?
    00:30
  • The 3 factors that determine the strength of inductive effects.
    03:09
  • Using Inductive Effect to determine acidity
    01:54

Functional Groups

  • Assigning Degrees to Alkyl Halides
    01:30
  • Why we need functional groups.
    01:49
  • The difference between aldehydes and ketones.
    03:08

Alkane Nomenclature

  • Naming the root chain
    01:02
  • Provide the IUPAC name for the following alkane
    07:08
  • The different parts of an IUPAC name
    03:43

Common Substituents

  • Name the following alkane
    02:33
  • Understanding Non-IUPAC Substituents
    06:42
  • Name the following alkane
    03:56

Constitutional Isomers

  • Isomeric Relationships
    03:28
  • Using the flowchart to determine isometric relationships.
    05:02
  • Isomeric Relationships
    02:56

Skeletal Structure

  • How bondline is different from Lewis Structures.
    04:03
  • Conversion of ethanol from electron dot to bondline
    01:50

Condensed Structural Formula

  • How to draw condensed mixed structures.
    05:21
  • How to interpret condensed structures.
    06:06

Hybridization

  • How carbon creates 4 partially-filled orbitals.
    02:53
  • Bond sites, hybridization, and intermediate orbitals
    04:58
  • Introduction to the reactive intermediates.
    02:47

Newman Projections – Conformational Energy

  • How to draw a Newman Projection Energy Diagram.
    07:27
  • How sigma bond rotation is visualized
    03:11
  • The energy states of 3 different Newman Projections.
    03:51

Chair Flip

  • The 3 important factors when drawing chairs
    05:12

Cyclohexane – Chairs and Positions

  • What is a chair conformation?
    01:05
  • How chairs flip from one conformation to another
    02:22
  • How chairs flip from one conformation to another
    04:26

Cyclohexane – Determination of Cis and Trans

  • Is the following cyclohexane cis or trans?
    00:44
  • How to draw chairs.
    01:18
  • Is the following cyclohexane cis or trans?
    00:27

Barrier To Rotation

  • 4 Values You Should Memorize
    02:54
  • Determining energy cost of eclipsed interaction
    03:00

Heat of Combustion

  • Understanding Heat of Combustion
    01:11
  • What is torsional strain?
    02:00
  • Lowest Heat of Combustion
    02:34