Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the octet rule as it applies to organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Atoms in organic compounds tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 2

Given the Lewis structure for methane ($$\mathrm{CH_4$}$$), how many bonding and non-bonding electron pairs are present around the central carbon atom?

Accepted Answer

4 bonding pairs, 0 non-bonding pairs

Question 3

Which element is most likely to form three covalent bonds in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Question 4

What is the formal charge on the oxygen atom in the hydroxide ion ($$\mathrm{OH^-}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$-1$$

Question 5

Which of the following molecules has a linear molecular geometry?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$}$$

Question 6

How many valence electrons are present in a molecule of ethene ($$\mathrm{C_2H_4}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why carbon can form four covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Carbon has four valence electrons and can share each with another atom to complete its octet.

Question 8

What is the electron configuration of nitrogen ($$\mathrm{N}) in $$its ground state?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^3$$

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for the ammonium ion ($$\mathrm{NH_4$^+}$$)?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen with four single bonds to hydrogen and no lone pairs, with a positive charge

Question 10

Which of the following statements about molecular orbitals is correct?

Accepted Answer

Molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of atomic orbitals from different atoms.

Question 11

A carbocation is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A carbon atom with a positive charge

Question 12

Which of the following molecules contains a triple bond?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_2H_2} ($$acetylene)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between sigma ($$\sigma) $$and pi ($$\pi) $$bonds?

Accepted Answer

$$\sigma$$ bonds result from end-to-end overlap of orbitals, while $$\pi$$ bonds result from side-to-side overlap.

Question 14

Which molecule has the greatest dipole moment?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 15

What is the hybridization of the central carbon atom in ethene ($$\mathrm{C_2H_4}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$sp^2$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct condensed structural formula for propane?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_3}$$

Question 17

Which of the following atoms is most electronegative?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine

Question 18

If a molecule has the formula $$\mathrm{C_3H_8}$$, what is its degree of unsaturation?

Accepted Answer

0

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle as it applies to atomic orbitals?

Accepted Answer

It is impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of an electron simultaneously.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct skeletal structure for butane?

Accepted Answer

A straight chain of four carbon atoms

Organic Chemistry Fundamentals: Atomic Structure, Bonding, and Molecular Orbitals

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