Q: Which of the following statements about formal charge is correct?

Formal charge is the difference between the number of valence electrons in the free atom and the number assigned in the molecule

Q: Which of the following molecules is expected to have the greatest solubility in water?

Ethanol ($\mathrm{CH_3CH_2OH}$)

Question 1

Which of the following molecules has the highest electronegativity difference between its constituent atoms, and what does this imply about its bond type?

Accepted Answer

Water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$); implies a polar covalent bond

Question 2

Which hybridization is present in the central carbon atom of ethene ($\mathrm{C_2H_4}$), and what is the bond angle associated with this hybridization?

Accepted Answer

$sp^2$; $120^\circ$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about resonance structures is correct?

Accepted Answer

Resonance structures are used to show the delocalization of electrons within a molecule.

Question 4

A student is asked to rank the acidity of the following compounds: phenol, ethanol, and acetic acid. Which is the correct order from most acidic to least acidic?

Accepted Answer

Acetic acid > phenol > ethanol

Question 5

Which of the following intermolecular forces is primarily responsible for the high boiling point of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Question 6

Which of the following ions is most likely to be soluble in water due to its ionic nature?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($\mathrm{NaCl}$)

Question 7

Which of the following molecules is expected to have the largest dipole moment?

Accepted Answer

Chloroform ($\mathrm{CHCl_3}$)

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for the nitrate ion ($\mathrm{NO_3^-}$)?

Accepted Answer

A structure with one double bond and two single bonds, with delocalized negative charge over the oxygens

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why $\mathrm{NH_3}$ has a higher boiling point than $\mathrm{CH_4}$?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{NH_3}$ forms hydrogen bonds, while $\mathrm{CH_4}$ does not

Question 10

Which of the following is the most stable resonance structure for the acetate ion ($\mathrm{CH_3COO^-}$)?

Accepted Answer

Negative charge delocalized over both oxygen atoms

Question 11

A molecule has the formula $\mathrm{C_2H_2}$ and a linear geometry. What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

$sp$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the bond angles in ammonia ($\mathrm{NH_3}$)?

Accepted Answer

$109.5^\circ$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the acidity of a compound?

Accepted Answer

Molecular mass of the compound

Question 14

Which of the following compounds would you expect to be the strongest base?

Accepted Answer

Methoxide ion ($\mathrm{CH_3O^-}$)

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why acetic acid ($\mathrm{CH_3COOH}$) is more acidic than ethanol ($\mathrm{CH_3CH_2OH}$)?

Accepted Answer

The conjugate base of acetic acid is resonance stabilized

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of increasing boiling points for the following compounds: methane ($\mathrm{CH_4}$), ammonia ($\mathrm{NH_3}$), water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$)?

Accepted Answer

Methane < ammonia < water

Question 17

Which of the following statements about formal charge is correct?

Accepted Answer

Formal charge is the difference between the number of valence electrons in the free atom and the number assigned in the molecule

Question 18

Which of the following molecules is expected to have the greatest solubility in water?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol ($\mathrm{CH_3CH_2OH}$)

Question 19

Which of the following is the best method to determine the most stable resonance structure for a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Choose the structure with negative charges on the most electronegative atoms

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for the oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

$1s^2 2s^2 2p^4$

Organic Chemistry Study Guide: Electronegativity, Bonding, Acids/Bases, and Molecular Structure

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