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Organic Chemistry Study Guide: Molecular Representations, Resonance, Acids & Bases, and Alkanes/Cycloalkanes

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Lewis Structure

  • Drawing the Lewis Structure for N2H4.
    04:12
  • How to use Organic Chemistry to make Lewis Structures easier.
    03:49

Condensed Structural Formula

  • How to draw condensed mixed structures.
    05:21
  • How to interpret condensed structures.
    06:06

Skeletal Structure

  • How bondline is different from Lewis Structures.
    04:03
  • Conversion of ethanol from electron dot to bondline
    01:50

Functional Groups

  • Assigning Degrees to Alkyl Halides
    01:30
  • Why we need functional groups.
    01:49
  • The difference between aldehydes and ketones.
    03:08

Formal Charges

  • Calculate the formal charges of ALL atoms.
    02:21
  • Calculating formal and net charge.
    01:34

Resonance Structures

  • How to draw a resonance hybrid.
    03:24
  • The rules you need for resonance:
    03:34
  • How to determine which structure is most stable.
    01:32

Molecular Orbitals

  • Sigma bond vs. pi bond, which is stronger?
    03:25
  • What’s the difference between sigma and pi bonds?
    02:19
  • What’s the difference between atomic and molecular orbitals?
    11:25

Acid and Base Definitions

  • Lewis vs. Bronsted-Lowry Definition
    07:46
  • The Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases.
    00:54
  • Equilibrium constant and conjugates.
    02:11

Equilibrium Constant and pKa

  • The pH scale vs. the pKa scale.
    02:15
  • The relationship between equilibrium constant and pKa.
    02:19
  • Why we use pKa instead of pH.
    01:46

pKa Values

  • Identifying pKa values
    07:45
  • The 12 pKa values you want to memorize (because they are important!).
    09:36

Acid Base Equilibrium

  • The 3 steps for determining the direction of acid and base equilibrium.
    05:11
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    04:00
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    02:34

Factors Affecting Acidity

  • Which of the oxides is the most basic?
    00:30
  • The 3 factors that determine the strength of inductive effects.
    03:09
  • Using Inductive Effect to determine acidity
    01:54

Alkane Nomenclature

  • Naming the root chain
    01:02
  • Provide the IUPAC name for the following alkane
    07:08
  • The different parts of an IUPAC name
    03:43

Common Substituents

  • Name the following alkane
    02:33
  • Understanding Non-IUPAC Substituents
    06:42
  • Name the following alkane
    03:56

Cycloalkanes

  • Name the following alkane
    00:53
  • Determining Root Name
    00:18
  • Determining Root Name
    00:34

Bicyclics

  • How to name a bridged bicyclic
    04:39
  • The two types of bicyclic molecules
    01:55
  • How to name a fused bicyclic
    03:27

Newman Projections – Conformational Energy

  • How to draw a Newman Projection Energy Diagram.
    07:27
  • How sigma bond rotation is visualized
    03:11
  • The energy states of 3 different Newman Projections.
    03:51

Newman Projections – Method

  • Step 6 to Drawing Newman Projections
    01:31
  • Step 5 to Drawing Newman Projections
    01:51
  • Step 3 to Drawing Newman Projections
    00:28

Barrier To Rotation

  • 4 Values You Should Memorize
    02:54
  • Determining energy cost of eclipsed interaction
    03:00

Heat of Combustion

  • Understanding Heat of Combustion
    01:11
  • What is torsional strain?
    02:00
  • Lowest Heat of Combustion
    02:34

Cyclohexane – Chairs and Positions

  • What is a chair conformation?
    01:05
  • How chairs flip from one conformation to another
    02:22
  • How chairs flip from one conformation to another
    04:26

Cis vs Trans

  • Why we need to use the E/Z naming system
    02:07
  • What does E and Z stand for?
    00:50
  • How to name different types of double bonds or rings
    04:28

Cyclohexane – Determination of Cis and Trans

  • Is the following cyclohexane cis or trans?
    00:44
  • How to draw chairs.
    01:18
  • Is the following cyclohexane cis or trans?
    00:27

Equatorial Preference

  • Equatorial Preference
    04:02
  • Draw the following chair in the most stable conformation.
    03:17

Chair Flip

  • The 3 important factors when drawing chairs
    05:12