Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main structural difference between the cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and lack an outer membrane.

Question 2

Which of the following is a function of the S-layer in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Protection, substrate attachment, and virulence

Question 3

What is the main role of FtsZ in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Controls cell division

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotes are essential for the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

Only prokaryotes can perform nitrogen fixation, converting $N_2$ to $NH_3$.

Question 5

Which of the following features is shared by both Archaea and Eukaryotes, but not Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

DNA bound by histones

Question 6

A bacterium is found to survive in extremely salty environments and has ether-linked branched membrane lipids. To which domain does it most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 7

Which of the following statements about bacterial ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial ribosomes are 70S, composed of 50S and 30S subunits.

Question 8

Which structure in prokaryotes is responsible for motility and is considered a molecular rotor?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the genetic material in a typical prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Circular DNA located in the nucleoid region

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides

Question 12

Which of the following terms describes an organism that obtains energy by oxidizing chemicals?

Accepted Answer

Chemotroph

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It is a form of asexual reproduction resulting in two genetically identical cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the carbon cycle as driven by microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms mediate the conversion of $CO_2$ to $CH_4$ via methanogenesis.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of fimbriae in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Surface attachment

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA sequencing and metagenomics?

Accepted Answer

Metagenomics allows sequencing of DNA fragments from environmental samples without isolating organisms.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the bacterial cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It includes homologues of tubulin (FtsZ) and actin (MreB) that control cell division and shape.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about Asgard archaea is correct?

Accepted Answer

They share important signature proteins with eukaryotes, such as actin and tubulin.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of microorganisms in global nutrient cycles?

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms drive the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur through various metabolic processes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It contains circular DNA and DNA-scaffolding proteins.

Prokaryotes: Structure, Diversity, and Global Roles

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