Question 1

Which of the following best describes a saturated solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a particular temperature.

Question 2

At 18°C, which of the following solutes has the lowest solubility in water (per 100g of water)?

Accepted Answer

Calcium carbonate

Question 3

A student prepares a solution by dissolving 40g of sodium chloride in 100g of water at 18°C. According to the solubility data, what type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Supersaturated solution

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly explains why the solubility of most solid solutes increases with temperature?

Accepted Answer

Higher temperature gives more kinetic energy to both solute and solvent, allowing particles to overcome intermolecular forces more easily.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a supersaturated solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than is normally possible at that temperature.

Question 6

Refer to the solubility curve for potassium nitrate ($$\mathrm{$$KNO_3$$}). If 80g of$$ $$\mathrm{$$KNO_3$$} is $$dissolved in 100g of water at 40°C, what will happen if the solution is cooled to 20°C?

Accepted Answer

Some $$\mathrm{$$KNO_3$$}$$ will crystallize out of solution.

Question 7

Why do aquatic animals experience stress when water temperature increases?

Accepted Answer

Higher temperatures decrease the solubility of oxygen in water, reducing available oxygen.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the solubility of gases in water as temperature increases?

Accepted Answer

The solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature.

Question 9

A solution contains 50g of sucrose dissolved in 100g of water at 18°C. Is this solution saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated

Question 10

If a point on a solubility curve graph lies above the curve for a particular solute, what does this indicate about the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is supersaturated.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl})$$

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of sodium sulfate ($$\mathrm{Na_2SO_4}) in $$water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na_2SO_4(s) \rightarrow 2Na^+(aq) + SO_4$^{2-}(aq)}$$

Question 13

A power plant releases warm water into a river, raising the river's temperature. What is the most likely effect on the aquatic ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Decreased solubility of oxygen, causing stress to aquatic organisms.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why soft drinks go flat more quickly at room temperature than when refrigerated?

Accepted Answer

The solubility of carbon dioxide in water decreases with temperature.

Question 15

If 80g of sodium nitrate ($$\mathrm{$$NaNO_3$$}) is $$dissolved in 100g of water at 20°C, and the solution is heated to 60°C, how much more sodium nitrate can be added to reach saturation at 60°C if the solubility at 60°C is 120g/100g water?

Accepted Answer

$$40\ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property of an unsaturated solution?

Accepted Answer

It contains more solute than a saturated solution.

Question 17

Which of the following substances is a nonelectrolyte when dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose ($$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}}$)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of crystallization in a supersaturated solution?

Accepted Answer

Crystals form as the solution is cooled and excess solute precipitates out.

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the ionization of sulfuric acid ($$\mathrm{H_2SO_4}) in $$water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2SO_4(aq) \rightarrow 2H^+(aq) + SO_4$^{2-}(aq)}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why global warming can negatively impact oxygen levels in oceans?

Accepted Answer

Higher ocean temperatures decrease the solubility of oxygen, leading to lower oxygen availability for marine life.

Solubility and Solubility Curves: Principles and Applications

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