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Spectroscopy, Conjugation, and Aromatic Chemistry: Exam 1 Study Guide

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Infrared Spectroscopy

  • General Features of IR Spect
    16:04

Mass Spectrometry

  • Equipment and Theory
    10:48
  • How to Read a Mass Spectrum
    01:25

Mass Spect:Fragmentation

  • Simple Fragmentation Mechanisms
    12:08
  • Ionization Potentials
    04:28
  • Clarification on the Base Peak
    01:27

Mass Spect:Isotopes

  • The (M + 1) Peak
    09:26
  • The Nitrogen Rule
    03:32
  • The (M + 2) Peak
    05:23

NMR Spectroscopy

  • General NMR Features
    10:06

1H NMR:Number of Signals

  • General Assumption for 1H NMR Signals
    04:35
  • Identifying Proton Signals
    02:02
  • Identifying Proton Signals
    01:55

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting (N + 1) Rule

  • Splitting without J-values
    12:21
  • Proton Splitting
    03:

NMR Integration

  • 1H NMR Integration
    06:46
  • Draw Complete NMR Spectrum
    04:29

Conjugation Chemistry

  • Conjugated states
    03:27
  • Definition of Conjugation
    05:29
  • Review of Common Resonance Structures
    04:50

Alkene Stability

  • Heat of Combustion
    02:55
  • Understanding trends of alkene stability.
    04:28

UV-Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Alkenes

  • Guided course
    UV-Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Alkenes Concept 1
    1:56
  • Guided course
    UV-Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Alkenes Example 1
    1:33
  • Guided course
    UV-Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Alkenes Concept 2
    3:17

Addition Reaction

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:15
  • Features of Addition Mechanisms.
    05:39

Aromaticity

  • Intro to Aromaticity
    08:19

Naming Benzene Rings

  • Benzene Nomenclature
    09:04

Huckel's Rule

  • Four tests
    10:23

Pi Electrons

  • Count the pi electrons present
    00:19
  • Count the pi electrons present
    00:12
  • Counting pi electrons
    01:33

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

  • Determine the aromaticity
    00:39
  • Determine the aromaticity
    01:06
  • Determine the aromaticity
    02:58

Aromatic Heterocycles

  • Determine heterocycle aromaticity
    03:21
  • Heteroatoms
    03:21
  • Determine heterocycle aromaticity
    00:56

Nomenclature of Heterocycles

  • Guided course
    Nomenclature of Heterocycles Concept 1
    2:06
  • Guided course
    Nomenclature of Heterocycles Example 1
    0:50
  • Guided course
    Nomenclature of Heterocycles Example 2
    1:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

  • EAS General Mechanism
    06:52
  • EAS Review
    03:07

EAS:Halogenation Mechanism

  • EAS Halogenation
    06:26

EAS:Nitration Mechanism

  • Reduction of Nitro Groups
    03:23
  • EAS Nitration
    06:09

EAS:Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Mechanism

  • Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
    06:30

EAS:Friedel-Crafts Acylation Mechanism

  • Friedel-Crafts Acylation
    05:20

EAS:Any Carbocation Mechanism

  • Any Carbocation
    07:21

Electron Withdrawing Groups

  • Badass Activity Chart
    11:55
  • Activity and Directing Effects
    04:29

EAS:Ortho vs. Para Positions

  • Ortho, Para major products
    04:42

Acylation of Aniline

  • Protection of Aniline Derivatives
    05:15
  • Synthesize the target molecule
    03:46

Limitations of Friedel-Crafts Alkyation

  • Limitations
    10:14

Advantages of Friedel-Crafts Acylation

  • Advantages
    06:05

Blocking Groups - Sulfonic Acid

  • Forcing Ortho substitution
    04:33
  • Multistep Synthesis
    02:15

EAS:Synergistic and Competitive Groups

  • EAS with Polysubstituted Benzene
    08:48

Side-Chain Halogenation

  • Side-Chain Halogenations
    06:14

Side-Chain Oxidation

  • Benzylic Oxidation
    03:20
  • Which alkylbenzene would NOT yield benzoic acid, treated with KMnO4
    00:49

Reactions at Benzylic Positions

  • Guided course
    Reactions at Benzylic Positions Example 3
    1:12
  • Guided course
    Reactions at Benzylic Positions Example 2
    2:03
  • Guided course
    Reactions at Benzylic Positions Concept 1
    1:01

EAS:Sequence Groups

  • Sequence Groups
    04:42

EAS:Retrosynthesis

  • Synthesize the target molecule
    02:45
  • Aromatic synthesis starting with benzene/benzene derivatives
    02:49
  • Synthesize the target molecule
    05:21

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

  • The Meisenheimer Complex
    06:23
  • Which ipso-substitution is more favored
    03:30
  • General Mechanism
    06:45

Benzyne

  • Regiospecificity
    03:20
  • General Mechanism
    06:06
  • Activating and deactivating groups
    03:27