Foundations of Statistics, Pearson Original Edition, 4th edition

MODULE 1 Introduction to Critical Thinking in Statistics ..................................................... 1

1.1 Statistics in Everyday Life ................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Detecting Bias ................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Percentages and Proportions .............................................................................................. 7

1.4 Summarising Data ........................................................................................................... 10

1.5 What’s Normal? ............................................................................................................... 28

 

MODULE 2 Reporting Information about a Single Variable ................................................ 34

2.1 Choosing the Right Analysis ........................................................................................... 34

2.2 Describing Distributions – Part 1 .................................................................................... 35

2.3 From Sample to Populations – Generalising from the Sample Mean ............................. 40

2.4 Describing Distributions – Part 2 .................................................................................... 49

2.5 From Samples to Populations – Generalising from the Sample Proportion.................... 51

 

MODULE 3 What’s the Chance of That? – The Theory Behind Significance ...................... 57

3.1 From Population to Samples – The Proportion ............................................................... 57

3.2 From Sample to Possible Populations – The Proportion ................................................. 61

3.3 From Population to Samples – The Mean ....................................................................... 73

3.4 From Sample to Possible Populations – The Mean ......................................................... 74

 

MODULE 4 Designing the Research ..................................................................................... 85

4.1 Collecting Data – The Research Design .......................................................................... 88

4.2 Designing Experiments ................................................................................................... 90

4.3 Selecting Samples ............................................................................................................ 98

 

MODULE 5 Is Ours Bigger than Yours?: The Difference between Two Independent

Groups .................................................................................................................................. 104

5.1 Comparing Two Groups ................................................................................................ 104

5.2 From Samples to Populations – The Independent Samples t-test ................................. 110

 

MODULE 6 Is our This Bigger than our That?: Comparing Two Measurements of the

Same Thing. .......................................................................................................................... 125

6.1 The Paired Samples t-test .............................................................................................. 126

6.2 The Assumptions Underlying the Paired Samples t-test ............................................... 134

6.3 Advantages of Repeated Measures Revisited .............