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Ch. 32 Plant Nutrition and Transport
Taylor - Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections 10th Edition
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 32, Problem 6

Explain how guard cells limit water loss from a plant on a hot, dry day. How can this be harmful to the plant?

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1
Understand the role of guard cells: Guard cells are specialized cells located around the stomata (tiny openings) on the surface of leaves. They regulate the opening and closing of these stomata to control gas exchange and water loss from the plant.
Recognize the response to environmental conditions: On hot, dry days, to prevent excessive water loss through transpiration, guard cells lose water and become flaccid, causing the stomata to close. This reduces water loss by limiting the amount of water vapor that can escape from the leaf.
Consider the impact on photosynthesis: While closing the stomata helps to conserve water, it also restricts the intake of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is necessary for photosynthesis. Reduced CO2 intake can limit the plant's ability to produce glucose, which is vital for energy and growth.
Acknowledge potential buildup of oxygen: With the stomata closed, oxygen produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis can accumulate within the leaf. This can lead to a higher internal concentration of oxygen, potentially affecting the efficiency of photosynthesis through a process known as photorespiration.
Evaluate long-term effects: Prolonged periods of stomatal closure can lead to reduced growth and productivity due to decreased photosynthetic activity. In extreme cases, it might affect the overall health and survival of the plant.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Guard Cells

Guard cells are specialized cells located on the epidermis of plant leaves that control the opening and closing of stomata. By regulating the size of these openings, guard cells help manage gas exchange and water loss. On hot, dry days, guard cells can close stomata to reduce transpiration, thereby conserving water.
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Transpiration

Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is lost from plant leaves through stomata. This process is essential for nutrient transport and temperature regulation within the plant. However, excessive transpiration can lead to water loss, especially during hot and dry conditions, prompting guard cells to close stomata to mitigate this loss.
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Water Stress

Water stress occurs when a plant experiences insufficient water availability, which can negatively impact its physiological functions. While closing stomata helps conserve water, prolonged closure can limit carbon dioxide intake, hindering photosynthesis and growth. This trade-off can ultimately harm the plant's health and productivity if water stress persists.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Which of the following activities of soil bacteria does not contribute to creating usable nitrogen supplies for plant use?

a. The fixation of atmospheric nitrogen

b. The conversion of ammonium ions to nitrate ions

c. The decomposition of dead animals

d. The assembly of amino acids into proteins

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Textbook Question

By trapping insects, carnivorous plants obtain ___________, which they need ___________ . (Choose the best answer.)

a. Water ... because they live in dry soil

b. Nitrogen ... to make sugar

c. Phosphorus ... to make protein

d. Nitrogen ... to make protein

926
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Textbook Question

An advantage of using fertilizers derived from natural sources is that these fertilizers

a. Have different minerals than artificial fertilizers.

b. Are retained in soil longer.

c. Are more soluble in water.

d. Are more concentrated.

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Textbook Question

Transpiration is fastest when humidity is low and temperature is high, but in some plants it seems to increase in response to light as well. During one 12-hour period when cloud cover and light intensity varied frequently, a scientist studying a certain crop plant recorded the data in the table (top right). (The transpiration rates are grams of water per square meter of leaf area per hour.)

Do these data support the hypothesis that the plants transpire more when the light is more intense?

If so, is the effect independent of temperature and humidity?

Explain your answer. (Hint: Look for overall trends in each column, and then compare pairs of data within each column and between columns.)

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Textbook Question
Certain types of fungi cause diseases in plants. There are a variety of antifungal sprays that can be used to control this problem. Some gardeners constantly spray their plants with fungicides, even when no signs of disease are evident. How might this be disadvantageous to the plant?
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Textbook Question
If the apples you buy are labeled 'organic,' does that tell you anything about how they were grown? About the nutritional content of the apples?
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