Which of the following describes mutations? Select True or False for each statement.
T/F Point mutations can occur in any DNA sequence.
T/F Frameshift mutations can occur in any DNA sequence.
T/F Neutral mutations depend on the degeneracy of the genetic code.
T/F Deleterious mutations occur only in protein-coding sequences of DNA.

Question

Accepted Answer

Hello everyone and welcome to today's video. So which of the following mutations is considered the most deleterious. Remember that this word just means the most dangerous or the most negative for the protein at hand. Now that we are ready to solve this question, let's before I remember a very important aspect of proteins and it is that the function and the structure of these proteins depend on the sequence of amino assets. So since these mutations are able to change the sequence of amino assets of a protein, the mutations that change the amino acid sequence the most will have the most effect. While the mutations that change the amino acid sequence the least will have the least effect. So this is how it's gonna work now that we know this. Let's jump into the answer choices beginning by answer choice, B silent mutations and this is going to change one amino acid by one that is very similar or use the same one since we have the same amino acid, we're going to have the same sequence. So it's going to just change the sequence the least. So this is going to have the least effect on the function and structure of the protein is going to be the least deleterious mutation. So we're going to cancel this out. Then we have the mis sense mutations. Mis sense mutations involved the change of one amino acid by another. That is completely different because we have a new different amino acid. This is actually going to affect the sequence. So it's going to affect the function and structure. However, since we're only changing one amino acid, the effect that this is going to have on the function and the structure of a protein is not as much as other mutations. So we're going to cancel this up. Then we have point mutations and these point mutations. Examples of them are the silent and the mis sense mutations as well as other ones. Since we're only changing one amino acid in point mutations, this is not going to have the same effect as other mutations that change the entire sequence. So we're going to cancel this up. Then we have a frame shift mutations. And this is where it gets interesting because frame shift mutations involve insertions and deletions. If we insert or we delete amino assets from the sequence of amino acids in a protein. We're going to change the entire secrets and this is going to have the most effect on the function and structure of the protein. So it is going to be the most serious mutations that we know of. And we're going to highlight it as the final answer to our question. I really hope this video helped you and I hope to see you on the next one

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Key Concepts

Point Mutations

Frameshift Mutations

Neutral and Deleterious Mutations