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Golgi Processing and Transport definitions

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  • COP II Vesicle
    Membrane-bound carrier coated with a specific protein, responsible for transporting properly folded proteins from the ER to the Golgi.
  • Sorting Signal
    Short amino acid sequence on a protein that directs its transport to specific cellular compartments, ensuring correct localization.
  • Proteasome
    Large protein complex that degrades misfolded or damaged proteins, maintaining cellular protein quality control.
  • KDEL Sequence
    Retrieval tag on ER-resident proteins that ensures their return from the Golgi if they are mistakenly transported away.
  • Cisternae
    Flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs that stack to form the structural units of the Golgi apparatus.
  • Cis Golgi
    Region of the Golgi facing the ER, serving as the entry point for newly arrived proteins from the ER.
  • Trans Golgi
    Region of the Golgi oriented toward the plasma membrane, functioning as the exit site for processed proteins.
  • Medial Golgi
    Central section of the Golgi apparatus, situated between the cis and trans regions, where intermediate protein modifications occur.
  • Glycosylation
    Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins, crucial for their folding, stability, and function, primarily occurring in the Golgi.
  • N-linked Glycosylation
    Attachment of sugars to the nitrogen atom of asparagine residues, with final modifications completed in the Golgi.
  • O-linked Glycosylation
    Addition of sugars to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues, predominantly taking place in the Golgi.
  • Terminal Glycosylation
    Final carbohydrate modification step in the Golgi, essential for completing protein maturation before export.
  • Vesicular Transport Model
    Concept where proteins move through stationary Golgi cisternae via transport vesicles shuttling cargo between stacks.
  • Cisternal Maturation Model
    Theory proposing that Golgi cisternae themselves progress forward, carrying proteins as they mature and change identity.
  • Anterograde Transport
    Directional movement of proteins from the ER through the Golgi toward the plasma membrane for secretion or delivery.
  • Retrograde Transport
    Return pathway for proteins from the plasma membrane or Golgi back to earlier compartments, such as the ER.