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Recombination definitions

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  • Homologous Recombination
    Exchange of genetic material at identical loci on paired chromosomes, resulting in new allele combinations.
  • Single Strand Break
    A nick in one DNA strand of each homolog, initiating strand invasion and cross bridge formation.
  • Double Strand Break
    A disruption in both DNA strands of one chromosome, leading to repair using the homolog as a template.
  • Cross Bridge Structure
    A physical connection formed during strand invasion, facilitating genetic exchange between homologs.
  • Branch Migration
    Movement of the cross bridge along the chromosome, extending the region of genetic exchange.
  • Hydrogen Bonding
    Formation of complementary base pair interactions between invading and template DNA strands.
  • RecA Protein
    A protein that processes double strand breaks, creating overhangs and promoting strand invasion.
  • 3' Overhang
    A single-stranded DNA extension at the 3' end, generated after a double strand break for strand invasion.
  • Holliday Junction
    A mobile, X-shaped DNA structure formed during recombination, allowing branch migration.
  • Allele
    A variant form of a gene that can be exchanged or altered during recombination or gene conversion.
  • Gene Conversion
    A nonreciprocal genetic exchange between closely linked but non-identical genes, altering allele ratios.
  • Base Pair Mismatch
    An incorrect pairing of nucleotides during DNA strand exchange, often leading to gene conversion.
  • Gamete
    A reproductive cell whose allele composition can be altered by recombination or gene conversion.
  • Dominant Allele
    A gene variant that can become overrepresented in gametes due to gene conversion events.
  • Recessive Allele
    A gene variant that may become underrepresented in gametes following gene conversion.