Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell, while meiosis produces cells with half the chromosome number.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A cell with 24 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$24$$

Question 4

Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 5

What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate other proteins to regulate cell cycle progression.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells can divide indefinitely and often ignore signals to stop dividing.

Question 7

If a diploid organism has a haploid number $$n = 8$$, how many chromosomes are present in a somatic cell during G2 phase?

Accepted Answer

$$32$$

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the genetic variation observed in gametes produced by meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment

Question 9

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, but the spindle checkpoint is not satisfied. What is most likely to occur if the cell proceeds to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

The cell may produce daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy).

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why chromosomes are not copied between the two divisions of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes.

Question 11

A mutation in a gene encoding a cell cycle checkpoint protein causes the checkpoint to fail. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells may divide uncontrollably, leading to tumor formation.

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.

Question 13

In a human cell, how many chromatids are present during metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$92$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between animal and plant cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of independent assortment during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Each pair of homologous chromosomes aligns independently at the metaphase plate.

Question 16

A patient is treated with a drug that disrupts microtubule formation. Which stage of the cell cycle will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

M phase (mitosis)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle checkpoints?

Accepted Answer

Initiating cytokinesis before mitosis is complete

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why multicellular organisms need mitosis?

Accepted Answer

For growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic diversity among gametes

Question 20

A cell is observed to be dividing uncontrollably and invading neighboring tissues. Which term best describes this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, and Cancer Genetics: Study Notes

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