Question 1

Which inheritance theory proposed that gemmule particles were carried from different body parts to reproductive organs, influencing the traits of offspring?

Accepted Answer

Pangenesis

Question 2

A scientist observes that a child appears to be a blend of both parents' traits, such as having wavy hair when one parent has curly hair and the other has straight hair. Which inheritance theory does this observation best support?

Accepted Answer

Blending Theory of Inheritance

Question 3

What is a homunculus, as described in early theories of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A miniature adult believed to be present in sex cells

Question 4

Which of the following scientists contributed to the formulation of the theory of natural selection? Select ALL that apply.

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin

Question 5

In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46. What is the haploid number?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 6

Which statement best describes the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, which are the basis for inheritance

Question 7

A mutation is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A permanent change in the DNA sequence

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an allele?

Accepted Answer

A variant form of a gene

Question 9

In a population of moths, dark coloration becomes more common over generations because it provides camouflage from predators. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 10

Which of the following best defines genotype?

Accepted Answer

The genetic makeup of an organism

Question 11

Which molecule serves as the hereditary material in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 12

DNA is composed of monomers called nucleotides. Which of the following correctly lists the components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 13

Which base pairs with cytosine in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine

Question 14

The genetic code is written in three-letter segments called:

Accepted Answer

Codons

Question 15

Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, a disease caused by a single nucleotide change in the hemoglobin gene. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A point mutation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

Question 18

Restriction enzymes are used in recombinant DNA technology to produce transgenic organisms. What is the primary function of a restriction enzyme?

Accepted Answer

To cut DNA at specific sequences

Question 19

Which of the following terms refers to the complete set of genes in an organism?

Accepted Answer

Genome

Question 20

A researcher is using computer software to analyze and store large sets of DNA and protein data. This field is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Bioinformatics

Chapter 1 Genetics Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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