Q: Which formula is used to calculate the recombination frequency ($F_r$) between two genes in a testcross?

$F_r = \frac{\text{Number of recombinant offspring}}{\text{Total offspring}}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the physical basis for genetic recombination during meiosis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Breakage and reunion of homologous chromatids at chiasmata during prophase I

Question 2

If two genes are located close together on the same chromosome, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Parental gametes will be more frequent than recombinant gametes

Question 3

A testcross between AaBb and aabb produces the following progeny: 40 AaBb, 10 Aabb, 10 aaBb, and 40 aabb. What is the recombination frequency between the A and B genes?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{10+10}{100} = 0.2 = 20\%$

Question 4

Which statement about the maximum recombination frequency between two genes is correct?

Accepted Answer

It cannot be greater than 50%, even for genes on the same chromosome

Question 5

In a three-point testcross, why is it necessary to determine three pairwise recombination frequencies?

Accepted Answer

To establish the order of the genes on the chromosome

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct definition of a map unit (m.u.) in chromosome mapping?

Accepted Answer

The distance between genes corresponding to a 1% recombination frequency

Question 7

If the recombination frequency between two genes is 50%, what does this indicate about their genetic relationship?

Accepted Answer

They assort independently and are not linked

Question 8

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over typically occur, resulting in genetic recombination?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 9

A geneticist observes that the frequency of recombinant offspring is much lower than the frequency of parental offspring in a testcross. What does this suggest about the genes being studied?

Accepted Answer

The genes are linked and located close together on the same chromosome

Question 10

Which formula is used to calculate the recombination frequency ($F_r$) between two genes in a testcross?

Accepted Answer

$F_r = \frac{	ext{Number of recombinant offspring}}{	ext{Total offspring}}$

Question 11

In a testcross involving two genes, the following progeny are observed: 80 parental types and 20 recombinant types. What is the map distance between the genes?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{20}{100} = 0.2 = 20\% = 20$ map units

Question 12

Why can the sum of map distances between three genes sometimes exceed the observed recombination frequency between the two outermost genes?

Accepted Answer

Because double crossovers restore the parental configuration

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of recombinant chromosomes

Question 14

A researcher is mapping three genes (A, B, and C) and finds the following recombination frequencies: A-B = 10%, B-C = 20%, and A-C = 30%. What is the most likely order of the genes?

Accepted Answer

A - B - C

Question 15

Which real-world scenario best illustrates the concept of gene linkage?

Accepted Answer

Inheritance of body color and wing shape in fruit flies, which are located close together on the same chromosome

Question 16

Which of the following statements about linkage maps is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are constructed using recombination frequencies between genes

Question 17

In a testcross, the majority of offspring display the same phenotype as the parental generation. What does this indicate about the genes involved?

Accepted Answer

The genes are linked

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for constructing a genetic linkage map?

Accepted Answer

Physical measurement of chromosome length in micrometers

Question 19

A student claims that if the recombination frequency between two genes is 60%, they must be on the same chromosome but far apart. What is the flaw in this reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Recombination frequency cannot exceed 50%; a value of 60% indicates independent assortment

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes: Linkage, Crossing Over, and Genetic Maps

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