Question 1

Which of the following chromosomal mutations is most likely to result in a loss of genetic material from a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Deletion

Question 2

A human cell with a chromosome constitution of $2n+1$ is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Trisomic

Question 3

Which process is most commonly responsible for the origin of aneuploid gametes?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction during meiosis

Question 4

Polyploidy is most commonly observed in which group of organisms?

Accepted Answer

Plants

Question 5

A triploid organism ($3n$) is typically sterile because:

Accepted Answer

Its gametes have incorrect numbers of chromosomes

Question 6

Which chromosomal rearrangement involves the exchange of segments between non-homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Question 7

If a cell contains only certain polyploid nuclei while the rest remain diploid, this condition is called:

Accepted Answer

Endopolyploidy

Question 8

Which of the following is a consequence of a heterozygous chromosomal deletion during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a deletion loop

Question 9

A plant species with a chromosome constitution of $4n$ is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Tetraploid

Question 10

Which type of chromosomal mutation is hypothesized to play a major role in the evolution of new gene functions?

Accepted Answer

Duplication

Question 11

During meiosis in an individual heterozygous for a paracentric inversion, which abnormal gamete may be produced?

Accepted Answer

Gamete with a duplication and a deletion

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why polyploids tend to show less severe phenotypic effects than aneuploids?

Accepted Answer

Polyploids have balanced gene dosage ratios

Question 13

A reciprocal translocation heterozygote will produce gametes with which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

50% of gametes will have duplications and deficiencies

Question 14

Which chromosomal constitution represents a monosomic organism if the basic set is $A$, $B$, and $C$?

Accepted Answer

ABBCC

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct result of nondisjunction during the first meiotic division?

Accepted Answer

Half of the gametes are trisomic and half are monosomic

Question 16

In a cancer cell, repeated replication of chromosomes without nuclear division can lead to which condition?

Accepted Answer

Endopolyploidy

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a possible meiotic pairing configuration in an autotetraploid?

Accepted Answer

Three bivalents

Question 18

A chromosome inversion that includes the centromere is called:

Accepted Answer

Pericentric inversion

Question 19

Which of the following is a likely consequence of a terminal chromosomal deletion?

Accepted Answer

Loss of genes at the end of the chromosome

Question 20

Allopolyploidy differs from autopolyploidy in that allopolyploids:

Accepted Answer

Contain chromosome sets from different species

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement (Chapter 8 Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions