Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the genetic material in an organism?

Accepted Answer

To store the information required to produce an organism

Question 2

In bacteria, what is the primary role of nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs)?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate chromosome compaction and organization

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for introducing negative supercoils into bacterial DNA, and what is the energy source for this process?

Accepted Answer

DNA gyrase; ATP

Question 4

A bacterial cell is treated with a quinolone antibiotic. What is the most likely effect on the bacterial chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of DNA gyrase, leading to impaired negative supercoiling

Question 5

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each chromosome contains multiple origins of replication

Question 6

What is the function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They play a role in chromosome stability and replication

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why two closely related salamander species can have a two-fold difference in genome size?

Accepted Answer

One species has accumulated more repetitive DNA sequences

Question 8

Which type of DNA sequence is most abundant in the human genome?

Accepted Answer

Repetitive DNA

Question 9

Barbara McClintock’s discovery of transposable elements in corn led to which of the following observations?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome 9 in corn broke frequently at mutable sites

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between simple transposons and retrotransposons?

Accepted Answer

Retrotransposons move via an RNA intermediate and require reverse transcriptase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of histone H1 in chromatin structure?

Accepted Answer

It binds to linker DNA and helps compact adjacent nucleosomes

Question 12

A mutation in the gene encoding nuclear lamins is most likely to affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the nuclear matrix and chromosome organization

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding heterochromatin?

Accepted Answer

It is generally transcriptionally inactive

Question 14

What is the primary function of cohesin during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

To promote the binding between sister chromatids

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the selfish DNA theory regarding transposable elements?

Accepted Answer

TEs proliferate within the host genome as long as they do not significantly harm the host

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of negative supercoiling in bacterial DNA?

Accepted Answer

It creates tension that may be released by DNA strand separation

Question 17

Which of the following is a feature of highly repetitive DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

They are found tens of thousands to millions of times in the genome

Question 18

Which protein complex is responsible for the formation of metaphase chromosome radial loop arrays during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Condensin

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of matrix-attachment regions (MARs) in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They anchor radial loop domains to the nuclear matrix

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a mutation in the LMNA gene encoding nuclear lamins, as seen in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Premature aging and abnormal nuclear morphology

Ch 10: Chromosome Structure, Organization, and Transposable Elements

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