Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack both.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

If a diploid cell (2n) undergoes mitosis, what is the chromosome number in each daughter cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for attaching chromosomes to spindle microtubules during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 5

What is the primary genetic consequence of the cell cycle in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Production of two cells genetically identical to the original cell

Question 6

Which event during meiosis is the first mechanism for generating genetic variation in gametes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 7

A cell has 8 chromosomes in metaphase II of meiosis. How many chromosomes and DNA molecules will be present in each cell after cytokinesis that follows meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

8 chromosomes and 8 DNA molecules

Question 8

Which protein protects cohesin at the centromeres from separase during Anaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Shugoshin

Question 9

Which of the following disorders is caused by an error in chromosome separation during mitosis or meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Question 10

Which phase checkpoint ensures that DNA is fully replicated and undamaged before proceeding to mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G$$_2/M $$checkpoint

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a feature of prokaryotic cell reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Formation of spindle apparatus for chromosome separation

Question 12

Which event distinguishes meiosis I from mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Pairing and separation of homologous chromosomes

Question 13

What is the role of telomeres in chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

Tips/ends of a linear chromosome

Question 14

Which process results in the reduction of chromosome number by half?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why newly formed cells from meiosis are genetically different from one another and from the parental cell?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and random distribution of chromosomes during meiosis

Question 16

Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by growth and synthesis of proteins necessary for cell division?

Accepted Answer

G$$_1$$ phase

Question 17

In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align on the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 18

Which of the following is true about viruses?

Accepted Answer

They are neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic.

Question 19

Which event occurs during Anaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids

Question 20

Which life cycle process in animals produces haploid gametes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction: Study Notes for Genetics Students

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