Q: If a DNA strand has the sequence 5'-ATG CCG TAA-3', what is the sequence of the complementary mRNA strand?

$$5'\text{-}UAC\,GGC\,AUU\text{-}3'$$

Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \to \text{RNA} \to \text{Protein}$$

Q: Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during the cell cycle?

$$G_1$$ \to S \to $$G_2$$ \to M$$

Q: A segment of DNA has the sequence 5'-GGA TCC-3'. What is the complementary DNA sequence?

$$3'\text{-}CCT\,AGG\text{-}5'$$

Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A DNA molecule contains 30% adenine. According to Chargaff's rules, what percentage of guanine would you expect?

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

A woman with blood type O has a child with blood type A. The father is blood type AB. What is the probability that their next child will be blood type B?

Accepted Answer

$$0\%$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Energy production

Question 7

If a DNA strand has the sequence 5'-ATG CCG TAA-3', what is the sequence of the complementary mRNA strand?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}UAC\,GGC\,AUU	ext{-}3'$$

Question 8

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

A man with genotype $$I^A I^O$$ and a woman with genotype $$I^B I^O$$ have a child. What is the probability that the child will have blood type O?

Accepted Answer

$$25\%$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} 	o 	ext{RNA} 	o 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of a mitochondrial disease inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

It is inherited only from the mother

Question 12

A mutation in the gene encoding hemoglobin causes sickle cell anemia. This is an example of which type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Question 14

If a diploid human cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be present in a gamete after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

23

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$G_1$$ 	o S 	o $$G_2$$ 	o M$$

Question 16

A woman is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) and her partner is healthy. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of crossing over?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 19

A segment of DNA has the sequence 5'-GGA TCC-3'. What is the complementary DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}CCT\,AGG	ext{-}5'$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mitochondrial DNA is only inherited from the mother?

Accepted Answer

Sperm mitochondria are typically destroyed after fertilization

Comprehensive Study Notes: Cytology & Genetics

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