Question 1

Which experiment provided the first direct evidence that DNA is the genetic material responsible for transformation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiment

Question 2

What is the correct base pairing in DNA according to Chargaff's rules?

Accepted Answer

$$A = T$$ and $$G = C$$

Question 3

Which property of DNA allows it to serve as a template for replication and transcription?

Accepted Answer

Its sequence of nitrogenous bases

Question 4

During DNA denaturation, which base pair requires more energy to break and why?

Accepted Answer

G-C base pair, because it has three hydrogen bonds

Question 5

If a DNA sample has 25% guanine, what percentage of adenine would you expect?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the directionality of DNA synthesis during replication?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing strand

Question 7

Which type of RNA is responsible for transferring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 8

What is the main difference between the sugar found in DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

Question 9

Which of the following statements about DNA hybridization is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hybridization occurs when two complementary single strands of nucleic acids anneal to form a double strand

Question 10

A scientist is studying the melting temperature ($$T_m) of $$two DNA samples. Sample A has 75% G-C content, and Sample B has 25% G-C content. Which sample will have the higher $$T_m$$ and why?

Accepted Answer

Sample A, because G-C pairs have more hydrogen bonds

Question 11

Which experimental technique is used to separate nucleic acids based on their size and density?

Accepted Answer

Molecular centrifugation

Question 12

What is the significance of the Hershey and Chase experiment in genetics?

Accepted Answer

It showed that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material in viruses

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 14

Why does DNA absorb ultraviolet light most strongly at 260 nm?

Accepted Answer

Because the nitrogenous bases have conjugated double bonds

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of DNA as a molecule of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

It can be translated directly into protein

Question 16

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 17

Which statement best explains why RNA can form secondary structures such as hairpins?

Accepted Answer

RNA can base pair with itself due to complementary sequences

Question 18

What is the role of the anticodon loop in tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes and binds to the complementary codon on mRNA

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the anti-parallel nature of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', the other runs 3' to 5'

Question 20

A researcher wants to denature a DNA sample. Which of the following would most effectively increase the rate of denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Increase the temperature

DNA Structure, Function, and Replication: Core Concepts in Genetics

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