Q: A temperature-sensitive mutation in a protein causes it to unfold at higher temperatures. Which protein structures are most likely destabilized by this mutation?

Secondary ($2^{\text{nd}}$) and tertiary ($3^{\text{rd}}$) structures

Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between gene expression and regulatory sequence activity?

$\text{Gene Expression} \propto \text{Regulatory Sequence Activity}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the effect of a mutation in a regulatory sequence upstream of a gene's coding region?

Accepted Answer

It can alter when, where, and how much protein is produced by the gene.

Question 2

A flower exhibits a pale color due to a mutation. Which type of mutation is most likely responsible for this phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Loss-of-function mutation

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a gain-of-function mutation?

Accepted Answer

A flower develops a new pigment, resulting in a novel color.

Question 4

Conditional mutations are best defined as mutations that:

Accepted Answer

Express their phenotype only under certain environmental conditions.

Question 5

A temperature-sensitive mutation in a protein causes it to unfold at higher temperatures. Which protein structures are most likely destabilized by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Secondary ($2^{	ext{nd}}$) and tertiary ($3^{	ext{rd}}$) structures

Question 6

If a mutation in a regulatory sequence increases the amount of protein produced, which type of mutation is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Gain-of-function mutation

Question 7

A Siamese cat has a mutation that causes its fur to be darker at cooler body regions. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A conditional mutation

Question 8

Which equation best represents the relationship between gene expression and regulatory sequence activity?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Gene Expression} \propto 	ext{Regulatory Sequence Activity}$

Question 9

A missense mutation destabilizes a protein so that it unfolds at a lower temperature than normal. What is the most likely consequence for the organism?

Accepted Answer

The protein loses its function in environments with lower temperatures.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of a mutation in a gene's regulatory sequence?

Accepted Answer

Changing the amino acid sequence of the protein

Question 11

A flower with a mutation produces more pigment than normal, resulting in a deeper color. Which type of mutation is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Gain-of-function mutation

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why temperature-sensitive mutations can be useful in genetic research?

Accepted Answer

They allow researchers to control gene function by changing environmental conditions.

Question 13

A mutation causes a protein to be expressed only in the presence of a specific environmental factor. This mutation is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Conditional mutation

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of a conditional mutation?

Accepted Answer

A protein that unfolds and loses function at high temperatures

Question 15

If a mutation in a gene's regulatory sequence causes the gene to be expressed in a new tissue, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be produced in the new tissue, potentially leading to a novel phenotype.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a loss-of-function mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that reduces or eliminates the activity of a gene product

Question 17

A mutation in a flower gene results in a new color not previously observed in the species. This is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

Gain-of-function mutation

Question 18

Which of the following statements about missense mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

They can destabilize protein structure, leading to conditional phenotypes.

Question 19

A gene is expressed at higher levels due to a mutation in its promoter region. Which formula best represents the relationship between promoter activity and gene expression?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Gene Expression} \propto 	ext{Promoter Activity}$

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to result from a mutation that destabilizes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The protein may unfold and lose function under certain environmental conditions.

Gene Regulation and Mutation Types in Genetics

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