Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between consumer-driven genetic testing and clinical genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Consumer-driven testing is initiated by the individual, often for curiosity or entertainment, while clinical testing is initiated by a provider for medical diagnosis.

Question 2

A consumer orders a genetic test online to learn about their wine preference and possible athletic abilities. Which category does this type of testing most likely fall under?

Accepted Answer

Consumer-driven genetic testing focused on non-health and wellness traits

Question 3

Which of the following statements about genotyping and sequencing is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Genotyping checks specific SNPs, while sequencing spells out the entire gene or region.

Question 4

A patient receives a result from clinical genetic testing indicating a 'variant of uncertain significance.' What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

There is not enough data to determine if the variant affects gene function.

Question 5

Which of the following is a potential limitation of consumer-driven genetic testing based on SNP genotyping?

Accepted Answer

It may identify associations that are not causative for disease.

Question 6

A consumer genetic test reports that an individual is a carrier for cystic fibrosis. Which of the following is TRUE regarding this result?

Accepted Answer

The test likely used SNP genotyping to identify common variants associated with cystic fibrosis.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why results from consumer-driven genetic testing should be interpreted with caution?

Accepted Answer

Interpretation of genetic variants can vary between labs, and associations may not be causative.

Question 8

A patient is interested in learning about their risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Which type of genetic testing would provide the most comprehensive information?

Accepted Answer

Clinical-grade sequencing test ordered by a healthcare provider

Question 9

Which of the following is a key reason why clinical genetic testing results are often delivered by a provider rather than directly to the patient?

Accepted Answer

Providers can offer education and context to help interpret complex results.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of insurance in consumer-driven versus clinical genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Consumer-driven testing is typically paid out-of-pocket, while clinical testing may be covered by insurance depending on criteria.

Question 11

A consumer receives a report suggesting they are at increased risk for a certain disease based on a SNP identified in their DNA. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?

Accepted Answer

Consult a healthcare provider for further clinical evaluation and possible confirmatory testing.

Question 12

Which of the following is a possible outcome of clinical-grade sequencing that is less likely with consumer SNP genotyping?

Accepted Answer

Detection of a variant of uncertain significance

Question 13

A consumer-driven genetic test uses data from GWAS studies. What is a key limitation of this approach?

Accepted Answer

GWAS associations do not necessarily indicate causation.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the possible results from clinical-grade sequencing?

Accepted Answer

Positive, negative, or variant of uncertain significance results are possible.

Question 15

A consumer genetic test reports a SNP associated with increased endurance in sports. Which of the following is TRUE about this result?

Accepted Answer

The association is based on population studies and may not be causative.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the probability of being a carrier for an autosomal recessive disorder if the allele frequency is $$q$$?

Accepted Answer

The probability is $$2pq$$, where $$p + q = 1.$$

Question 17

Why might a variant initially classified as a 'variant of uncertain significance' later be reclassified as benign?

Accepted Answer

New data becomes available showing the variant does not disrupt gene function.

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason why consumer-driven genetic testing is not recommended for making medical decisions?

Accepted Answer

It is primarily designed for entertainment and may not provide clinically actionable results.

Question 19

A patient receives a negative result from clinical-grade sequencing for a suspected genetic disorder. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

No variants were found that are expected to cause the disorder.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why interpretation of genetic test results can be complicated?

Accepted Answer

Interpretation depends on available data, which can vary between labs and over time.

Genetic Testing: Consumer-Driven vs. Clinical Approaches

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