Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes Chargaff's Rule regarding base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Question 2

A diploid organism has two alleles for each gene. If a gene controls flower color and the alleles are 'R' (red, dominant) and 'r' (white, recessive), what is the expected phenotype of a plant with genotype 'Rr'?

Accepted Answer

Red flowers

Question 3

Which process is responsible for converting messenger RNA (mRNA) into a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 4

In a diploid cell, how many copies of each gene are present?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a homologous chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A chromosome that pairs with another chromosome of the same type in diploid organisms

Question 6

If a cell undergoes meiosis, how many cells are produced and what is their chromosome number compared to the original cell?

Accepted Answer

Four cells, each with half the chromosome number of the original

Question 7

Which statement about genes and alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

An allele is a variant of a gene

Question 8

A pea plant has the genotype 'aa' for seed color, where 'A' is dominant (yellow) and 'a' is recessive (green). What is the phenotype of the plant?

Accepted Answer

Green

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a type of trait that genes can influence?

Accepted Answer

Environmental trait

Question 10

What is the correct sequence of events for gene expression from DNA to protein?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Traits are inherited through genes located on chromosomes

Question 12

If a diploid organism has 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will its gametes have after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$5$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a codon?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid

Question 14

Which division of genetics studies the ability to pass traits onto the next generation?

Accepted Answer

Transmission genetics

Question 15

A scientist is studying the process by which tRNA is used to assemble amino acids into a protein. Which process is being investigated?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 16

Which of the following statements about DNA is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

DNA encodes proteins in a 1:1 ratio

Question 17

Which process results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same chromosome number as the original cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 18

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $ATG$ to $ATA$. What is the most likely consequence at the protein level?

Accepted Answer

A different amino acid will be incorporated at that position

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the genotype of an organism?

Accepted Answer

The set of alleles for a given trait

Question 20

A cell contains both transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). During which process are both types of RNA directly involved?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Genetics Basics: DNA, Genes, Chromosomes, and Inheritance

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