Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 2

A mutation in a gene is found to cause a loss of function phenotype. Which approach would you use to determine if this gene is necessary for the phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Knock out the gene and observe if the phenotype disappears.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic you would look for when choosing a model organism for genetic research?

Accepted Answer

Long generation time

Question 4

Which stage of the mitotic cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

If a human cell is diploid with $$2n = 46$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell after meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains how meiosis contributes to genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes

Question 7

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both contain ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 8

Which model organism is commonly used to study vertebrate development and has the scientific name Danio rerio?

Accepted Answer

Zebrafish

Question 9

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair and undergo crossing over?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy

Question 11

Which term describes the physical location of a gene on a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Genetic locus

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Autosomes are non-sex chromosomes, while sex chromosomes determine biological sex.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix composed of two antiparallel strands.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the centromere during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Attachment site for kinetochores and cohesion of sister chromatids

Question 15

A scientist uses reverse genetics to study a gene. Which of the following best describes this approach?

Accepted Answer

Altering a known gene to observe the resulting phenotype

Question 16

Which of the following best defines the term 'haploid'?

Accepted Answer

A cell containing one set of chromosomes ($$n)$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a practical or ethical issue related to current developments in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Use of CRISPR for gene editing in humans

Question 18

Which of the following statements about chromatin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin consists of DNA and proteins, mainly histones.

Question 19

A cell undergoes mitosis. If the original cell is diploid with $$2n = 8$$, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 8$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the observable traits.

Genetics: Foundations and Cell Division Study Guide

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