Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of Gregor Mendel's work in the history of genetics?

Accepted Answer

He published the first explanation of hereditary transmission in plants, laying the foundation for modern genetics.

Question 2

Which organism is commonly used as a model in classical genetics to study gene location and chromosome behavior?

Accepted Answer

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 3

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiments were crucial because they identified which molecule as the hereditary material?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why traits are not solely determined by genes?

Accepted Answer

Traits are affected by both genes and environmental factors.

Question 5

During which historical period did the structure and replication of DNA become elucidated, marking the start of the molecular era in genetics?

Accepted Answer

1950s

Question 6

Which equation best represents the central dogma of molecular biology as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$

Question 7

A rare recessive disorder, alkaptonuria, was described by Garrod in 1901. Which principle of Mendelian genetics does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Recessive inheritance

Question 8

Which of the following statements about organelle genetics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria, but only plant cells contain chloroplasts.

Question 9

If a sexually reproducing organism has homologous pairs of chromosomes, what does this imply about its genetic makeup?

Accepted Answer

It has pairs of chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits.

Question 10

Which area of genetics focuses on the mechanisms of evolutionary change and gene frequency shifts in populations?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary genetics

Question 11

A student is studying a virus that uses RNA as its hereditary material. Which process must occur for the virus to integrate its genetic material into a host's DNA?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcription ($RNA \rightarrow DNA$)

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the ability of genes to mutate?

Accepted Answer

Genetic variation arises within populations.

Question 13

Which model organism is most commonly used for studying the molecular control of genetic materials?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 14

A plant cell is observed to contain circular chromosomes in its cytoplasm. Which organelle is most likely being studied?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion or chloroplast

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in most organisms?

Accepted Answer

$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$

Question 16

A researcher is interested in studying gene frequency changes in a population of Arabidopsis thaliana over several generations. Which area of genetics does this research fall under?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary genetics

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are only found in viruses.

Question 18

A scientist observes chromosome movement during cell division and notes how these patterns pair with the transmission of Mendelian heredity units. Which historical figures are associated with these observations?

Accepted Answer

Flemming, Sutton, and Boveri

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of Mendelian genetics to solve a real-world problem?

Accepted Answer

Using selective breeding to enhance drought resistance in wheat.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the double helix structure of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA has a double-stranded structure known as a double helix or DNA duplex.

1. Introduction

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards