Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of Mendel's work in the history of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Mendel's work provided the first explanation of hereditary transmission in plants, forming the foundation for modern genetics.

Question 2

Which organism is commonly used in classical genetics research due to its short life cycle and easily observable traits?

Accepted Answer

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 3

A scientist is studying a rare, recessive genetic disorder in humans. Which historical figure's work is most relevant to understanding the inheritance pattern of this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Garrod

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in most organisms?

Accepted Answer

DNA $\rightarrow$ RNA $\rightarrow$ Proteins

Question 5

Which statement about organelle genetics is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular chromosomes and are transmitted in the cytoplasm during cell division.

Question 6

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiments were crucial because they demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

DNA is the hereditary material in all organisms.

Question 7

Which area of genetics focuses on the mechanisms of evolutionary change and gene frequency shifts in populations?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary genetics

Question 8

A plant breeder wants to enhance drought resistance in wheat. Which ancient practice is this most closely related to?

Accepted Answer

Selective breeding for desirable traits

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about chromosomes in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Homologous pairs of chromosomes carry genes for the same traits.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a circular molecule in all organisms.

Question 11

A mutation occurs in a gene that codes for a protein involved in metabolism. Which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The mutation may alter the protein's function, potentially affecting the organism's phenotype.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best explains why traits are not solely determined by genes?

Accepted Answer

Traits are affected by both genes and environmental influences.

Question 13

Which of the following organisms is commonly used in molecular genetics to study gene structure and control?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 14

During cell division, which observation by Flemming, Sutton, and Boveri helped link chromosome movement to Mendelian inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes move and pair in patterns that correspond to the transmission of Mendelian heredity units.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct example of genetic information flow in retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

RNA $\rightarrow$ DNA $\rightarrow$ Proteins

Question 16

Which statement best describes the difference between classical and molecular genetics?

Accepted Answer

Classical genetics studies gene location and chromosome behavior, while molecular genetics focuses on the structure and control of genetic materials.

Question 17

A mutation in mitochondrial DNA is most likely to be inherited in which manner?

Accepted Answer

Via cytoplasmic transmission during cell division.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why some viruses use RNA as their hereditary material?

Accepted Answer

Some viruses have evolved to use RNA instead of DNA for storing genetic information.

Question 19

If a population of organisms is exposed to a new environmental stress, which area of genetics would be most useful for predicting changes in gene frequencies over time?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary genetics

Question 20

Which of the following is a multi-step process that describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is then translated to proteins.

Genetics: Foundations and Molecular Basis (BIOL 3416 Study Notes)

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