Q: In a PCR experiment, a control sample produces a 420 bp product from a patient with 40 CAG repeats. Each CAG repeat is 3 bp. What is the length of the conserved region in this PCR product?

$$420 - (40 \times 3) = 300 bp$$

Question 1

Which type of genetic variation is most commonly associated with differences in the number of gene copies present in an individual, and has been linked to HIV/AIDS susceptibility?

Accepted Answer

Copy number variation (CNV)

Question 2

A genetic test for a dog reveals a shortened muzzle. Which gene is most likely to show a variant associated with this trait?

Accepted Answer

BMP3

Question 3

In a PCR experiment, a control sample produces a 420 bp product from a patient with 40 CAG repeats. Each CAG repeat is 3 bp. What is the length of the conserved region in this PCR product?

Accepted Answer

$$420 - (40 	imes 3) = 300 bp$$

Question 4

A new patient’s PCR products for the HTT gene are 354 bp and 462 bp. If the conserved region is 300 bp, how many CAG repeats are present in the allele with the 462 bp product?

Accepted Answer

$$(462 - 300) / 3 = 54$$ CAG repeats

Question 5

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of genetic testing in dogs, as discussed in the EMBARK example?

Accepted Answer

It can reveal unexpected results that may be stressful for owners.

Question 6

In Mendel’s pea pod experiment, students observed 9 yellow, constricted pods; 33 green, constricted pods; 126 green, inflated pods; and 29 yellow, inflated pods. What is the expected ratio for a dihybrid cross involving two traits with complete dominance?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 7

Which formula is used to calculate the chi-square statistic in genetic analysis?

Accepted Answer

$$\$$chi^2$$ = \sum \frac{(O-E)^2$}{E}$$

Question 8

During which stage of mitosis are daughter chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 9

If a canine primary spermatocyte has 12.8 pg of DNA, how much DNA would you expect to see in the 2nd polar body produced by a canine secondary oocyte?

Accepted Answer

3.2 pg

Question 10

At what stage of meiosis is genetic variation introduced?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I, during crossing over

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?

Accepted Answer

A variation at a single base pair in the DNA sequence among individuals

Question 12

In the context of inheritance, what is the genotype of a female who is unaffected but has an affected father for an X-linked recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

X	extsuperscript{A}X	extsuperscript{a}

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic testing in dogs?

Accepted Answer

Guarantees that a dog will not develop any genetic disease

Question 14

Which event occurs during anaphase of mitosis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Daughter chromosomes are pulled to the opposite ends of the cell

Question 15

A pedigree shows an X-linked recessive trait. If a female in generation III is unaffected but her father is affected, what are her possible genotypes?

Accepted Answer

She must be a carrier: $$X^A X^a$$

Question 16

Which of the following is true about copy number variation (CNV) in humans?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 10% of human genes can vary in the number of copies present in an individual

Question 17

In the Dalmatian/Pointer backcross project, what was the main goal?

Accepted Answer

To unlink the gene for Dalmatian spots from the gene causing high uric acid production

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between dyads and monads in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Dyads are pairs of sister chromatids, while monads are single chromatids after separation

Question 19

A breeder wants to avoid producing puppies with a breed-specific recessive disorder. What genetic testing strategy should they use?

Accepted Answer

Avoid pairing two dogs that are both heterozygous for the disorder

Genetics Study Guide: Sep 19

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