Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between a genomic DNA library and a cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

A genomic DNA library contains DNA fragments representing the entire genome, while a cDNA library contains only cDNA copies of mRNA representing expressed genes.

Question 2

In Sanger sequencing, what is the role of dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)?

Accepted Answer

They terminate DNA synthesis at specific bases due to the absence of a 3'-OH group.

Question 3

Which sequencing technology is best suited for generating long reads and real-time sequencing of single DNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

PacBio SMRT or Nanopore sequencing

Question 4

A researcher wants to compare gene expression profiles between normal and cancerous tissues. Which omics approach and sequencing technology should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transcriptomics with RNA-seq using Illumina NGS

Question 5

Which of the following is a key advantage of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) over Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

NGS allows massively parallel sequencing of millions of short DNA fragments simultaneously.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why ddNTPs terminate DNA synthesis in Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

ddNTPs lack a 3'-OH group, preventing the addition of another nucleotide.

Question 7

A scientist is interested in mapping open chromatin regions to identify regulatory elements in the genome. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

ATAC-seq

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the Human Genome Project (HGP) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The HGP involved cloning DNA fragments into BACs/YACs and sequencing them using Sanger sequencing.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a 'contig' in genome assembly?

Accepted Answer

A contig is a continuous sequence of DNA constructed by overlapping sequence reads.

Question 10

A patient is suspected to have a genetic disease caused by a single base change. Which type of genetic variation is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

Question 11

Which of the following omics approaches would be most appropriate for studying the global pattern of DNA methylation in cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Epigenomics

Question 12

Which of the following is a primary goal of functional genomics?

Accepted Answer

To assign biological functions to genomic elements such as genes and regulatory regions

Question 13

Which sequencing method is most suitable for detecting rare cell types within a heterogeneous tissue sample?

Accepted Answer

Single-cell RNA-seq

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of shotgun sequencing?

Accepted Answer

Randomly fragmenting DNA, sequencing the fragments, and assembling the sequence using overlaps

Question 15

A researcher is using Illumina sequencing to analyze a DNA sample. Which of the following steps is NOT part of the Illumina workflow?

Accepted Answer

Real-time single-molecule sequencing in a nanopore

Question 16

Which of the following is a key feature of metagenomics?

Accepted Answer

Sequencing genomes from entire microbial communities directly from environmental samples

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of genetic distance in centimorgans (cM) based on recombination frequency?

Accepted Answer

$$cM = recombination\ frequency 	imes 100$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the ENCODE project?

Accepted Answer

To build a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome

Question 19

Which omics technology would be most appropriate for identifying and quantifying all proteins in a cancer cell sample?

Accepted Answer

Proteomics

Question 20

A researcher is interested in studying the effect of environmental factors on gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Which combination of omics approaches would be most informative?

Accepted Answer

Transcriptomics and epigenomics

Genomic Technologies: DNA Sequencing, Genomics, and Multi-Omics Applications

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