Question 1

Which of the following best describes the human genome?

Accepted Answer

The complete set of DNA and genes necessary for development and function of an organism, technically haploid.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

Which statement about mitochondrial DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is maternally inherited and its replication is independent from chromosomal DNA.

Question 4

If a eukaryotic cell is diploid ($2n$), how many sets of chromosomes does it have?

Accepted Answer

Two sets

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

They are identical copies formed by DNA replication.

Question 6

What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They attach to kinetochores and move chromosomes during cell division.

Question 7

At which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equatorial plane?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the cell cycle phases included in interphase?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Interphase} = G1 + S + G2$

Question 9

A karyotype is prepared from chromosomes at which stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis maintains chromosome number ($2n$ to $2n$), while meiosis reduces it ($2n$ to $n$).

Question 11

During anaphase of mitosis, what happens to the sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

They separate and migrate to opposite poles, becoming daughter chromosomes.

Question 12

Which structure attaches spindle fibers to chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT part of the human nuclear genome?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial DNA

Question 15

If a cell has 46 chromosomes before DNA replication, how many chromatids will it have after S phase but before mitosis?

Accepted Answer

92 chromatids

Question 16

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are chromosomes inherited from each parent and may carry different alleles.

Question 17

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the disappearance of the nuclear envelope and condensation of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 18

Which organelle is directly associated with spindle fiber formation during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the genetic material transferred during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Genetic material is duplicated and distributed equally to daughter cells.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the inheritance of mitochondrial DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is inherited only from the mother.

Introduction to Genetics and the Cell Cycle - Aug 27

Study Guide - Practice Questions