Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

Question 2

A mutation deletes a single amino acid from a protein. How many nucleotides must be deleted from the mRNA to cause this?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 3

If a person is heterozygous for the CFTR $$ \Delta F508 $$ mutation (one wildtype and one mutant allele), what is the expected phenotype?

Accepted Answer

They will make enough functional CFTR protein to avoid disease symptoms.

Question 4

Which process is responsible for converting the information in DNA into mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 5

In the context of cystic fibrosis, what does it mean for the wildtype allele to be 'dominant'?

Accepted Answer

It encodes a functional protein that is sufficient for normal phenotype.

Question 6

If two parents are both carriers (heterozygous) for the CFTR $$ \Delta F508 $$ mutation, what is the probability that their child will have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why most mutations that change protein sequence are considered 'recessive'?

Accepted Answer

They reduce or eliminate protein function and require both alleles to be mutated to show a phenotype.

Question 8

How many copies of each gene are present in a typical human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 9

Which step in the central dogma is carried out by ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 10

A child inherits one wildtype and one $$ \Delta F508 $$ CFTR allele. Which proteins will be produced?

Accepted Answer

Both functional and non-functional CFTR proteins

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world application of understanding gene expression and regulation?

Accepted Answer

Developing gene therapies for diseases like sickle cell anemia

Question 12

Which of the following best describes why disease severity in cystic fibrosis can vary among individuals with the same genotype?

Accepted Answer

It is due to allelic differences in other genes and environmental factors.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$ \rightarrow $$ RNA $$ \rightarrow $$ Protein

Question 14

A mutation in the gene encoding a neurotransmitter receptor leads to a non-functional protein. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may lose the ability to respond to neurotransmitters, affecting nervous system function.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a question geneticists ask when studying gene expression?

Accepted Answer

What is the weather forecast for tomorrow?

Question 16

If a genetic disease is caused by a recessive allele, what is the genotype of an individual who expresses the disease?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous recessive

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why understanding the molecular basis of genetics is important for health care professionals?

Accepted Answer

It allows them to understand how genetic mutations cause disease and inform treatment strategies.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of a mutation that deletes three nucleotides from a gene?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid is deleted from the protein.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a real-world issue that genetics can help address, as seen in recent news headlines?

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy for sickle cell disease

Introduction to Genetics: Central Dogma, Gene Expression, and Cystic Fibrosis Case Study

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