Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular genetics?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

Question 2

A gene is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A unit of heredity consisting of a specific DNA sequence coding for a single protein.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are different forms of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Question 4

If an individual has two identical alleles for a particular gene, their genotype is described as:

Accepted Answer

Homozygous

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Brown eyes

Question 6

Gregor Mendel is considered the 'father of genetics' because he:

Accepted Answer

Formulated the basic laws of inheritance through experiments with pea plants.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why understanding genetics is important in modern medicine?

Accepted Answer

It helps diagnose diseases, develop personalized treatments, and potentially prevent illnesses by identifying genetic predispositions.

Question 8

A locus is:

Accepted Answer

A fixed location on a chromosome where a gene or one of its alleles is located.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a traditional sub-division of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthetic genetics

Question 10

A patient is found to have a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene. Which sub-division of genetics would most likely be used to study the chemical nature of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Molecular genetics

Question 11

If a trait is only expressed when an individual has two copies of the same allele, this allele is described as:

Accepted Answer

Recessive

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are made of DNA, and genes are specific sequences of DNA on chromosomes.

Question 13

A geneticist is studying how the frequency of a particular allele changes in a population over time. Which sub-division of genetics is most relevant to this research?

Accepted Answer

Population genetics

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of genotype?

Accepted Answer

A person has the alleles $AA$ for a particular gene.

Question 15

In a real-world context, which of the following is a direct application of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Using genetic testing to identify a person's risk for developing certain cancers.

Question 16

If a gene has two alleles, $A$ and $a$, and an individual has genotype $Aa$, which term best describes this genetic condition?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cytogenetics is important in prenatal diagnostic tests?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the identification of chromosomal abnormalities that can cause genetic disorders.

Question 18

A biologist is interested in how genes are regulated differently in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Which sub-division of genetics should they focus on?

Accepted Answer

Molecular genetics

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the impact of genetics on society?

Accepted Answer

Genetics has implications for health, disease, and even societal structures.

Question 20

A genetic counselor is explaining to a family that a certain trait is inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Which of the following best describes Mendelian inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Traits are inherited as discrete units according to predictable ratios.

Introduction to Genetics: Key Concepts and Terminology

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