Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells (2n to 2n), while meiosis produces four haploid cells (2n to 1n).

Question 2

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over (genetic recombination) occur?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 3

Which of the following statements about genetic recombination during meiosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It shuffles DNA between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic variation.

Question 4

A human cell with 2n = 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$23$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why siblings (except identical twins) are genetically unique?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis create unique combinations of parental chromosomes in gametes.

Question 6

In oogenesis, why does only one functional ovum form from each primary oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Because the ovum receives most of the cytoplasm, while polar bodies receive very little and do not become eggs.

Question 7

If chromosome segregation fails during meiosis I, what is the most likely outcome for the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes will have an extra chromosome, and some will have one less chromosome (n+1 or n-1).

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of meiosis that is NOT a function of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of chromosome number to maintain genome size after fertilization.

Question 9

A direct-to-consumer genetic test reveals that an individual shares 28.6% of their DNA with one grandparent and 20.7% with another. What does this variation most likely result from?

Accepted Answer

Random assortment and recombination during meiosis.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

It produces four haploid spermatids that differentiate into sperm.

Question 11

During which stage of meiosis are homologous chromosomes separated and pulled to opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reduction in chromosome number during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$2n \rightarrow n$

Question 13

In human females, when does oogenesis arrest and when does it resume?

Accepted Answer

Arrests during prophase I in fetal development and resumes in adolescence prior to ovulation.

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of mosaic chromosomes with new combinations of alleles.

Question 15

If a primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis, how many functional sperm cells are produced?

Accepted Answer

$4$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the percentage of DNA inherited from each grandparent is not always exactly 25%?

Accepted Answer

Because of random segregation and recombination during meiosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding polar bodies in oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

They receive less cytoplasm and do not become eggs.

Question 18

Which of the following events increases genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I of meiosis.

Question 19

A cell at the end of meiosis II contains chromosomes in the form of:

Accepted Answer

Monads

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of synapsis during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It is the pairing of homologous chromosomes, allowing crossing over to occur.

Meiosis, Genetic Recombination, and Gamete Development- Aug 29

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