Question 1

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what is the primary purpose of using pure lines when studying inheritance?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that all offspring are genetically identical for the trait being studied

Question 2

If a yellow-seeded pea plant from the F1 generation is self-fertilized, what proportion of its F2 offspring are expected to have green seeds according to Mendel's results?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{1}{4}$

Question 3

Which of Mendel's laws explains why alleles for different traits are inherited independently of one another?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 4

A cross between a white-flowered pea plant (WW) and a red-flowered pea plant (RR) produces all red-flowered offspring in the F1 generation. What does this indicate about the red allele?

Accepted Answer

The red allele is dominant to the white allele

Question 5

In Mendel's experiments, what is the expected ratio of yellow-seeded to green-seeded plants in the F2 generation when crossing two F1 yellow-seeded plants?

Accepted Answer

$3:1$

Question 6

Which process involves fertilizing a plant with its own pollen, as described in Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

Self-mating

Question 7

If a green-seeded F2 pea plant is self-fertilized, what proportion of its offspring will have green seeds?

Accepted Answer

$100\%$

Question 8

Which statement best describes the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete contains a single allele for each trait due to separation during meiosis

Question 9

A student crosses a yellow-seeded F1 pea plant with a green-seeded F1 pea plant. What is the expected proportion of yellow-seeded offspring?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{1}{2}$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion Mendel reached from his pea plant experiments?

Accepted Answer

Dominant traits are always inherited together with recessive traits

Question 11

If a plant is heterozygous for seed color (Yy), what is the expected genotype ratio among its self-fertilized offspring?

Accepted Answer

$1:2:1$ (YY:Yy:yy)

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the Law of Dominance in Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

F1 offspring from a cross between pure yellow and pure green-seeded plants are all yellow

Question 13

In a cross between two heterozygous red-flowered pea plants (Rr x Rr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of red to white flowers in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$3:1$

Question 14

Which generation in Mendel's experiments is produced by self-mating of the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

Second Filial (F2) generation

Question 15

A plant breeder wants to determine if a yellow-seeded plant is homozygous or heterozygous. Which cross should they perform?

Accepted Answer

Cross with a pure green-seeded plant

Question 16

If a gene comes in two forms (alleles), and one is dominant, what is the expected phenotype of an organism with genotype Aa?

Accepted Answer

It will show the dominant trait

Question 17

Which of the following best describes cross-fertilization in Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization of a plant with pollen from another plant

Question 18

If Mendel observed 6022 yellow-seeded and 2001 green-seeded plants in the F2 generation, what is the approximate ratio of yellow to green seeds?

Accepted Answer

$3:1$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world implication of Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Traits such as flower color and seed shape can be inherited independently in crop breeding

Question 20

A genetic counselor explains to a family that a recessive trait may skip generations. Which of Mendel's findings supports this statement?

Accepted Answer

Green-seeded plant trait could skip generations

Mendelian Genetics: Mendel's Experiments and Laws

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