Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Paired unit factors separate so that each gamete receives one of each pair.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Tt ($$where $$T is $$tall and $$t is $$dwarf) is self-fertilized. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the $$F_2$$ generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1 ($$tall:dwarf)

Question 3

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$YyRr x$$ $$YyRr$$), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with yellow, round seeds?

Accepted Answer

$$9/16$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for classifying two chromosomes as homologous pairs?

Accepted Answer

Both are inherited from the maternal parent.

Question 5

A testcross is performed between a plant with an unknown genotype showing a dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If the unknown plant is heterozygous, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:1 ($$dominant:recessive)

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the chi-square ($$\$$chi^2$$) statistic used to evaluate genetic data?

Accepted Answer

$$\$$chi^2$$ = \sum \frac{(o - e)^2$}{e}$$

Question 7

If a pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally, what is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 8

Which of the following statements about Mendel's use of pea plants is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants grow to maturity in several years, making experiments slow.

Question 9

In a cross between $$AaBb$$ and $$aabb$$ individuals, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype $$Aabb$$? Assume independent assortment.

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 10

Which law explains why the alleles for seed color and seed shape in peas are inherited independently?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 11

A geneticist flips a coin 100 times and observes 60 heads and 40 tails. What is the null hypothesis for a chi-square test in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

The observed ratio of heads to tails is due to chance and does not differ significantly from the expected 1:1 ratio.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a reciprocal cross?

Accepted Answer

A cross in which the sexes of the parents are reversed for a given trait.

Question 13

If a plant with genotype $$YyRr is $$crossed with a plant with genotype $$yyrr$$, what proportion of the offspring will have yellow, round seeds? (Assume $$Y = $$yellow, $$y = $$green, $$R = $$round, $$r = $$wrinkled)

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct application of the product law of probability in genetics?

Accepted Answer

The probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities.

Question 15

A pedigree shows a trait that skips generations and appears more frequently in males. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

X-linked recessive

Question 16

In a monohybrid cross, what is the expected genotypic ratio in the $$F_2$$ generation?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why increasing sample size in genetic experiments leads to more predictable ratios?

Accepted Answer

Larger sample sizes reduce the impact of chance deviation.

Question 18

If a plant with genotype $$Dd is $$crossed with another $$Dd$$ plant, what is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a key feature of Mendel's experimental design that contributed to his success?

Accepted Answer

He kept detailed quantitative records of his experiments.

Question 20

In a dihybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the $$F_2$$ generation for two independently assorting traits?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Mendelian Genetics: Principles, Patterns, and Analysis

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