Question 1

Which of the following best describes evolution in the context of population genetics?

Accepted Answer

The change in genetic variation (e.g., allele frequencies) in a population over time

Question 2

According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which condition is NOT required for allele frequencies to remain constant in a population?

Accepted Answer

Finite population size

Question 3

In a population where the frequency of allele G ($$p) is 0.6 $$and allele g ($$q) is 0.4$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Gg) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 0.48$$

Question 4

A population of 1,000 individuals has 1 person with cystic fibrosis (recessive disease, genotype $$ff). $$Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the carrier genotype ($$Ff$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 0.0437$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about random mating is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Random mating does not change allele frequencies but can change genotype frequencies

Question 6

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with three alleles, $$p = 0.23$$, $$q = 0.09$$, and $$r = 0.68$$, what is the expected frequency of the homozygous genotype for allele r ($$rr$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$r^2 = 0.462$

Question 7

Which of the following is a consequence of inbreeding in a population?

Accepted Answer

Increase in the frequency of homozygotes

Question 8

What is the inbreeding coefficient ($$F) $$for first cousins?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{1}{16}$$

Question 9

Which type of non-random mating increases heterozygosity at the genomic region responsible for a trait?

Accepted Answer

Negative assortative mating

Question 10

Genetic drift is most pronounced in which type of population?

Accepted Answer

Small populations

Question 11

A population bottleneck can lead to which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Reduction in genetic variation

Question 12

Which evolutionary force is responsible for the random loss or fixation of alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 13

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following could be a possible cause?

Accepted Answer

Non-random mating

Question 14

In a population with $$p = 0.575$$ and $$q = 0.425$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$2pq) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 0.489$$

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the effect of migration between two populations?

Accepted Answer

Migration can equalize allele frequencies between populations

Question 16

Why does reaching Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for X-linked genes take longer than for autosomal genes?

Accepted Answer

Because males and females have different numbers of X chromosomes, causing allele frequencies to equilibrate at different rates

Question 17

A founder event in a human population can lead to which genetic consequence?

Accepted Answer

Non-representative sampling of alleles, potentially increasing the frequency of rare alleles

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Non-random mating

Question 19

If the frequency of allele $$f$$ for cystic fibrosis is $$q = 0.022$$, what is the expected frequency of homozygous wild-type individuals ($$FF) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2$$ = $$(0.978)^2 = 0.9558$

Question 20

Which evolutionary force provides genetic variation for other forces to act upon, but does not dramatically affect allele frequencies on its own?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Chapter 20 part 1

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