Principles of Genetics – Course Syllabus and Study Guide

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Principles of Genetics (PCB3060) – Course Syllabus Study Notes

Course Overview

This course introduces the mechanisms of transmission of hereditary information in living organisms. It covers classical Mendelian genetics, molecular genetics, population genetics, and the application of genetic principles to human health and disease. The course is foundational for students in biological sciences and related fields.

Course Code: PCB3060 (3 credits)
Prerequisites: BSC2010, BSC2010L, BSC2011, BSC2011L
Textbook: Concepts of Genetics, William Klug et al., 12th edition

Instructor & Contact Information

Instructor: Selwyn A. Williams, Ph.D., Professor, B.S. Program Coordinator
Department: Biology, Health & Wellness, and Funeral Services Education
Office: Room A337
Phone: (305)-237-1575
Email: swilli49@mdc.edu
Office Hours: See schedule below (appointments required for online meetings)

DAY	TIME
Mon.	9:00 am – 10:00 am, 1:00 pm – 2:00 pm
Tue.	9:10 am – 9:50 am, 1:50 pm – 2:30 pm, 2:50 pm – 3:50 pm
Wed.	9:00 am – 10:00 am, 1:00 pm – 2:00 pm
Thu.	11:00 am – 1:00 pm
Fri.	9:40 am – 10:50 am

Course Topics

Classical Mendelian Principles of Heredity

Mendelian genetics forms the foundation of classical genetics, focusing on how traits are inherited from one generation to the next through discrete units called genes.

Key Point 1: Law of Segregation – Each individual has two alleles for each gene, which segregate during gamete formation so that each gamete carries only one allele.
Key Point 2: Law of Independent Assortment – Genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes.
Example: In a dihybrid cross (e.g., RrYy x RrYy), the phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1, demonstrating independent assortment.

Deviations from Classical Genetics

Not all inheritance patterns follow Mendel's laws. Some traits exhibit incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, or are influenced by environmental factors.

Key Point 1: Incomplete Dominance – The heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygotes (e.g., red x white flowers produce pink offspring).
Key Point 2: Codominance – Both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote (e.g., AB blood type in humans).
Example: Sickle cell anemia demonstrates codominance at the molecular level.

Genetics of Population

Population genetics studies the distribution and change of allele frequencies under the influence of evolutionary processes.

Key Point 1: Hardy-Weinberg Principle – In a large, randomly mating population with no evolutionary forces, allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation.
Key Point 2: Equation:

Example: Calculating carrier frequency for a recessive genetic disorder in a population.

Genetic Analysis, Linkage, and Mapping

Genetic linkage refers to genes located close together on the same chromosome, which tend to be inherited together. Mapping determines the relative positions of genes.

Key Point 1: Linkage – Linked genes do not assort independently; recombination frequency can be used to estimate distance between genes.
Key Point 2: Genetic Maps – Measured in centimorgans (cM), where 1 cM = 1% recombination frequency.
Example: If two genes show 10% recombination, they are 10 cM apart on the chromosome.

Principles of Population Genetics

This area explores how genetic variation is maintained or changed in populations, considering factors such as mutation, selection, gene flow, and genetic drift.

Key Point 1: Mutation – The source of new genetic variation.
Key Point 2: Genetic Drift – Random changes in allele frequencies, especially in small populations.
Example: Founder effect and bottleneck effect are examples of genetic drift.

Human Genetics and Disease

Genetic principles are applied to understand the inheritance and molecular basis of human diseases, including cancer and other genetic disorders.

Key Point 1: Pedigree Analysis – Used to track inheritance patterns in families.
Key Point 2: Genetic Testing – Identifies carriers and affected individuals for specific genetic conditions.
Example: Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

Course Organization & Assessment

Learning Modes

Lectures: In-person or face-to-face (F2F) learning, with synchronous and asynchronous online components.
Attendance: Conventional in-person class attendance is required unless specified otherwise.
Online Learning: Assignments, assessments, and discussions may be conducted online via Canvas and Mastering Genetics (MG).

Grading & Course Assessments

Grades are based on a combination of exams, quizzes, papers, and assignments. The following table summarizes the assessment breakdown and grading scale:

Assessment	Weight (%)
1st Exam	13.3%
Midterm	13.3%
Final	13.3%
Quizzes	20%
Paper	20%
Assignments (including MG)	20%

Grade	Score (%)
A	90 - 100
B	80 - 89
C	70 - 79
D	60 - 69
F	Below 60

Policies

Attendance: Required for all scheduled classes. Absences must be notified in advance.
Make-up Work: No make-ups for quizzes or exams. The lowest quiz grade may be dropped at the instructor's discretion.
Academic Integrity: Students must adhere to college policies regarding honesty and conduct.
Disability Services: Accommodations available through ACCESS SERVICES for students with documented disabilities.

Student Learning Outcomes

Communication: Use reading, listening, writing, and speaking skills effectively.
Numbers/Data Analysis: Evaluate and process numerical data.
Critical Thinking: Solve problems using scientific methods and data.
Information Literacy: Locate, evaluate, and apply information.
Technology Usage: Use emerging technologies effectively.

Tips for Success

Dedicate 1–2 hours of study per hour of class.
Keep up with readings and assignments; do not fall behind.
Form study groups for discussion and exam preparation.
Balance study with rest and recreation to avoid burnout.

Additional Resources

Canvas: https://mdc.instructure.com/
Student Portal: https://mdc.edu/
Library: https://libraryguides.mdc.edu/remotestudents
Disability Services: https://www.mdc.edu/accessservices/

Additional info: The syllabus emphasizes the importance of regular attendance, timely submission of assignments, and the use of online learning platforms. Students are encouraged to use campus resources and seek help when needed.