Q: Which equation correctly represents the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

$$\mathrm{DNA} \xrightarrow{\text{RNA\,polymerase}} \mathrm{RNA}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes, transcription and translation can occur concurrently in the cytoplasm.

Question 2

Which subunit of the prokaryotic RNA polymerase holoenzyme is responsible for promoter recognition and binding?

Accepted Answer

Sigma subunit

Question 3

A mutation in the -10 region of a prokaryotic promoter is most likely to affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It promotes mRNA stability and enhances translation efficiency.

Question 5

During intrinsic (Rho-independent) termination in prokaryotes, which feature of the RNA transcript is critical for termination?

Accepted Answer

A stem-loop structure followed by a series of uracils

Question 6

Which eukaryotic RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing pre-mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 7

A researcher uses an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to study DNA-protein interactions. What result would indicate that a protein binds to the DNA fragment?

Accepted Answer

The DNA fragment migrates slower due to the formation of a DNA-protein complex.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a general transcription factor required for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

Sigma factor

Question 9

If a mutation eliminates the TATA box from a eukaryotic promoter, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation will be severely reduced or abolished.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{DNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{RNA\,polymerase}} \mathrm{RNA}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why RNA polymerase has a higher error rate than DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase lacks a separate proofreading domain.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the anatomy of mature eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It contains a 5' cap, 5' UTR, coding sequence (CDS), 3' UTR, and a poly-A tail.

Question 13

Which promoter element is most commonly found approximately 25 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II?

Accepted Answer

TATA box

Question 14

A scientist mutates the -35 region of a prokaryotic promoter. What is the most likely effect on gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Sigma factor binding will be reduced, decreasing transcription initiation.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding Rho-dependent termination in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It involves the Rho protein translocating along the RNA to disrupt the RNA-DNA hybrid.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of general transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

They are required for RNA polymerase II to recognize and bind to promoter elements.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between the template and non-template strands of DNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The template strand is read by RNA polymerase to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule.

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{DNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{transcription}} \mathrm{RNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{translation}} \mathrm{Protein}$$

Question 19

A patient is found to have a mutation that prevents the formation of the pre-initiation complex (PIC) for RNA polymerase II. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation of protein-coding genes

Transcription and Gene Expression: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Mechanisms

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