Question 1

During transcription in eukaryotes, which sequence acts as the core promoter element and is typically found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site?

Accepted Answer

TATA box

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 3

In prokaryotic transcription, what is the function of the sigma factor?

Accepted Answer

It directs RNA polymerase to the promoter

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the direction in which RNA is synthesized during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 5

A mutation in the rho protein would most directly affect which process in prokaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

Rho-dependent termination

Question 6

Which of the following modifications occurs to the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II to trigger elongation of the transcript?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 7

What is the role of the polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) in eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

It triggers the addition of the poly(A) tail

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of small nuclear RNAs and proteins

Question 9

A researcher discovers a mutation that changes the GU sequence at the 5' splice site to GC. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Failure to remove the intron

Question 10

Which of the following statements about RNA interference (RNAi) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dicer cleaves pre-miRNA into mature miRNA

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of nucleotides in a transcription bubble during prokaryotic elongation?

Accepted Answer

$n = 18$

Question 12

Which of the following is a cis-acting element found on the same chromosome as the gene it regulates?

Accepted Answer

Enhancer

Question 13

A patient’s cells are unable to add a 5’ cap to their mRNA. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

mRNA will be rapidly degraded

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of general transcription factors (GTFs) in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

They are required to initiate transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase II

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA editing?

Accepted Answer

Polyadenylation editing

Question 16

Which of the following equations represents the consensus sequence for the Pribnow box in prokaryotic promoters?

Accepted Answer

$5'\ 	ext{TATAAT}\ 3'$

Question 17

Which of the following is required for the formation of the preinitiation complex in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

General transcription factors (GTFs)

Question 18

A scientist is studying a gene with multiple exons and introns. Which complex is responsible for removing introns from the pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Spliceosome

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic transcription is more complex than prokaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic transcription requires multiple general transcription factors and diverse RNA polymerases

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding siRNAs?

Accepted Answer

They target the degradation of specific RNA transcripts

Transcription and Post-Transcriptional RNA Processing in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

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