$$\text{RNA is synthesized in the 5' \rightarrow 3' direction}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During transcription, which strand of DNA serves as the template for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The template strand (antisense strand)

Question 3

Which sequence is commonly found in the -10 region of bacterial promoters and is known as the Pribnow box?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TATAAT}$$

Question 4

What is the primary function of the sigma factor in bacterial transcription?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes and binds to the promoter region, enabling RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about polycistronic mRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is commonly found in bacteria and encodes two or more polypeptides.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{RNA is synthesized in the 5' ightarrow 3' direction}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 5’ cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Initiates polyadenylation at the 3’ end

Question 8

A mutation in the consensus sequence of the -35 region of a bacterial promoter would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription

Question 9

Which of the following best describes alternative splicing?

Accepted Answer

It produces different mature mRNAs from the same pre-mRNA by splicing out introns in various combinations.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between transcription in bacteria and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have more regulation and more RNA polymerases than bacteria.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the poly-A tail of eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It is added enzymatically after transcription.

Question 12

Which of the following is a cis-acting DNA element?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Question 13

In the process of transcription, what is the role of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs)?

Accepted Answer

They are the substrates used by RNA polymerase to synthesize RNA.

Question 14

Which mechanism is responsible for rho-independent termination in E. coli?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a stem-loop structure followed by a uracil-rich sequence in the RNA

Question 15

Which equation represents the complementarity rule for RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{A in DNA pairs with U in RNA}$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the spliceosome is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of snRNPs and catalyzes the removal of introns from pre-mRNA.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of RNA editing?

Accepted Answer

Insertion/deletion editing in mitochondrial RNA of plants

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the numbering of bases in a promoter region relative to the transcription start site?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bases upstream of +1 are numbered negatively}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a step in the mechanism of the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

Adding a poly-A tail to the 3’ end of mRNA

Transcription and RNA Processing in Genetics

Study Guide - Practice Questions