Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During bacterial transcription, what is the function of the sigma (σ) factor in RNA polymerase holoenzyme?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes and binds to the promoter region to initiate transcription.

Question 3

Which sequence is commonly found at the -10 region (Pribnow box) of E. coli promoters?

Accepted Answer

$$TATAAT$$

Question 4

What is the main difference between rho-dependent and rho-independent termination in E. coli transcription?

Accepted Answer

Rho-dependent termination requires the rho protein, while rho-independent does not.

Question 5

Which of the following is a cis-acting DNA element involved in transcription regulation?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, which RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing all protein-coding genes?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 7

Which modification is added to the 3’ end of most eukaryotic mRNAs after transcription?

Accepted Answer

A poly-A tail

Question 8

What is the role of the 5’ cap in eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It is recognized by cap-binding proteins that facilitate translation initiation and mRNA stability.

Question 9

Alternative splicing allows for:

Accepted Answer

The production of different mature mRNAs from the same pre-mRNA.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the template and coding strands during transcription is correct?

Accepted Answer

The template strand is used to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule.

Question 11

A mutation in the -35 region of a bacterial promoter is most likely to affect which process?

Accepted Answer

The binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic transcription is more complex than bacterial transcription?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have more RNA polymerases and increased regulation.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing the removal of exons

Question 14

A bacterial mRNA that encodes multiple polypeptides is described as:

Accepted Answer

Polycistronic

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of RNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of RNA editing?

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of nucleotides in mitochondrial RNA of plants

Question 17

If the mRNA sequence is 5’ AGCUUCCGAAGUCA 3’, what is the sequence of the template DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

3’ TCGAAGGCTTCAGT 5’

Question 18

Which of the following is a trans-acting factor in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Sigma factor

Question 19

Which of the following statements about DNA replication and transcription is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both involve proteins interacting with DNA.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a modification that occurs to eukaryotic pre-mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Removal of exons

Transcription and RNA Processing: Mechanisms and Regulation in Bacteria and Eukaryotes

Study Guide - Practice Questions