Question 1

Which statement best describes the degeneracy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can specify the same amino acid.

Question 2

A mutation causes the insertion of a single nucleotide into a coding sequence. What is the most likely consequence for the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

The reading frame will shift, altering all downstream amino acids.

Question 3

Which of the following codons is a stop codon in the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

$UAA$

Question 4

The wobble hypothesis explains why:

Accepted Answer

A single tRNA can recognize multiple codons for the same amino acid.

Question 5

Which feature of the genetic code ensures that each base is part of only one codon?

Accepted Answer

Non-overlapping nature

Question 6

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 7

If the DNA template strand sequence is $5'-GATTTACCG-3'$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Question 8

Which of the following is a consequence of the universality of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Genes from one organism can be expressed in another organism.

Question 9

Which process is responsible for synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 10

A frameshift mutation is most likely to occur due to:

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide

Question 11

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic transcription is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the nucleus and requires chromatin remodeling.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 5'-cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a start codon for translation

Question 13

Which of the following is a cis-acting element involved in eukaryotic transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

TATA box

Question 14

What is the role of the spliceosome in mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Removes introns from pre-mRNA

Question 15

Which RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing mRNA in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 16

A mutation changes the codon $AUG$ to $AUA$ in an mRNA sequence. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The start codon is lost, potentially preventing translation initiation.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a single base substitution in an overlapping genetic code would affect two adjacent amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Each base would be part of more than one codon.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world application of the universality of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Production of human insulin in bacteria

Question 19

Which of the following statements about translation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Translation involves tRNA molecules bringing amino acids to the ribosome.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a property of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is overlapping.

Transcription, Translation, and the Genetic Code: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions