$200 \times 110 = 22,000$ Daltons

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation initiation?

Accepted Answer

It aligns the mRNA with the small ribosomal subunit to ensure correct positioning of the start codon.

Question 2

During the charging of tRNA, which enzyme is responsible for attaching the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 3

Which of the following codons is NOT a stop codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

$AUG$

Question 4

A mutation changes the anticodon of a tRNA from $GAA$ to $GAI$ (where $I$ is inosine). Which mRNA codons can this tRNA now recognize?

Accepted Answer

$CUU$, $CUC$, and $CUA$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can specify the same amino acid.

Question 6

In eukaryotic translation, which sequence is recognized to establish the correct reading frame for the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Kozak sequence

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the release factors during translation termination?

Accepted Answer

They promote the dissociation of the ribosome and release of the polypeptide chain.

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with an inborn error of metabolism due to a mutation in a single gene. Which hypothesis does this observation support?

Accepted Answer

One gene:one polypeptide hypothesis

Question 9

Which amino acid is most likely to be found on the exterior of a soluble protein due to its hydrophilic nature?

Accepted Answer

Glutamic acid

Question 10

Which type of bond is responsible for stabilizing the secondary structure of proteins, such as the $\alpha$-helix and $\beta$-pleated sheet?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 11

A protein consists of two polypeptide chains. Which level of protein structure does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Quaternary structure

Question 12

Which of the following amino acids can form disulfide bridges, contributing to the stabilization of tertiary and quaternary protein structures?

Accepted Answer

Cysteine

Question 13

During translation elongation, what is the role of EF-Tu in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

It brings aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of the ribosome.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the 'wobble' position in tRNA anticodon-codon pairing?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons due to flexible base pairing at the third codon position.

Question 15

If a polypeptide contains 200 amino acids, what is its approximate molecular weight in Daltons?

Accepted Answer

$200 	imes 110 = 22,000$ Daltons

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 17

Which of the following amino acids is classified as nonpolar and hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Question 18

A mutation in the gene encoding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase leads to the incorrect charging of tRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The wrong amino acid will be incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain.

Question 19

Which of the following interactions is NOT typically involved in stabilizing tertiary protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Translation and Protein Structure: Key Concepts in Genetics

Study Guide - Practice Questions