Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 2

In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription occur?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

A codon consists of how many nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Three

Question 4

What is the wobble hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It describes the flexibility in base pairing between the third base of a codon and the corresponding base of a tRNA anticodon.

Question 5

Which of the following is the start codon and which amino acid does it code for?

Accepted Answer

AUG, Methionine

Question 6

Which of the following are the three stop codons in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 7

Given the DNA sequence ATG CCG TTA, what is the complementary mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

AUG CCG UUA

Question 8

Which statement best describes the relationship between the mRNA sequence and the DNA template?

Accepted Answer

mRNA is complementary to the DNA template strand, with uracil replacing thymine.

Question 9

What happens to mRNA after transcription in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It undergoes processing such as splicing, capping, and polyadenylation before being exported to the cytoplasm.

Question 10

Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm at the ribosomes

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA in translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA acts as an adaptor molecule, bringing specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the genetic code.

Question 12

What is the correct composition of ribosomal subunits in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

60S + 40S = 80S

Question 13

Which site on the ribosome is the location of the growing polypeptide chain during translation?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 14

What is the function of peptidyl transferase activity in the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

It forms peptide bonds between amino acids.

Question 15

Which sequence is responsible for recruiting the ribosome to the start codon in prokaryotic initiation?

Accepted Answer

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Question 16

During translation elongation, what happens after the peptide bond is formed?

Accepted Answer

The ribosome translocates one codon along the mRNA.

Question 17

Which of the following is a post-translational modification that increases protein functional diversity?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which molecular process is most directly implicated in the pathology?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of misfolded proteins

Question 19

Which equation correctly represents the additive property of Svedberg units for ribosomal subunits?

Accepted Answer

$$60S + 40S = 80S$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The 3D structure formed by multiple polypeptide chains interacting

Translation and Proteins: Mechanisms and Structure

Study Guide - Practice Questions