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Total Energy from Glucose definitions

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  • Glycolysis
    A metabolic pathway of 10 reactions splitting glucose into two pyruvate molecules, yielding 2 ATP and 2 NADH, with no CO2 or FADH2 produced.
  • Pyruvate Oxidation
    A process converting two pyruvate molecules into two Acetyl CoA, generating 2 NADH and 2 CO2, without producing ATP or FADH2.
  • Krebs Cycle
    A mitochondrial matrix pathway processing Acetyl CoA, producing 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 4 CO2 per glucose molecule.
  • Citric Acid Cycle
    Another name for the Krebs Cycle, emphasizing the cyclical series of reactions generating high-energy molecules from Acetyl CoA.
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
    A stage combining the Electron Transport Chain and ATP synthesis, using NADH and FADH2 to generate the majority of ATP.
  • Electron Transport Chain
    A mitochondrial inner membrane system transferring electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, driving ATP production.
  • Acetyl CoA
    A two-carbon molecule entering the Krebs Cycle, formed from pyruvate oxidation, serving as a key metabolic intermediate.
  • NADH
    A high-energy electron carrier produced during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs Cycle, crucial for ATP generation.
  • FADH2
    An electron carrier generated in the Krebs Cycle, contributing electrons to the Electron Transport Chain for ATP synthesis.
  • ATP
    The main energy currency of the cell, produced in glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and mainly through oxidative phosphorylation.
  • CO2
    A waste product released during pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs Cycle, representing the complete oxidation of glucose carbon atoms.
  • Mitochondrial Matrix
    The compartment within mitochondria where the Krebs Cycle and pyruvate oxidation occur, facilitating energy extraction from nutrients.
  • Cytosol
    The fluid portion of the cell where glycolysis takes place, initiating glucose breakdown before mitochondrial processes.
  • Oxaloacetate
    A four-carbon molecule regenerated at the end of the Krebs Cycle, enabling the cycle to continue processing Acetyl CoA.
  • Catabolism
    The overall process of breaking down complex molecules like glucose into simpler ones, releasing energy for cellular activities.