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Molecular Geometry (Simplified) definitions

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  • Molecular Geometry
    True shape of a molecule determined by repulsion differences between lone pairs and bonding groups around a central element.
  • Electron Group
    Region of electron density around a central element, including both bonding groups and lone pairs.
  • Bonding Group
    Set of electrons shared between the central element and a surrounding element, counted once regardless of bond type.
  • Lone Pair
    Non-bonding electrons localized on the central element, influencing molecular shape through repulsion.
  • Linear
    Shape formed when a central element has two electron groups and no lone pairs, resulting in a straight arrangement.
  • Trigonal Planar
    Flat, triangular arrangement around a central element with three electron groups and no lone pairs.
  • Bent
    Angular shape occurring when lone pairs cause deviation from a straight or flat arrangement, seen with two bonding groups.
  • V-Shaped
    Alternative name for the bent geometry, resembling an upside-down letter V due to lone pair repulsion.
  • Angular
    Another term for bent or V-shaped geometry, highlighting the non-linear arrangement caused by lone pairs.
  • Tetrahedral
    Three-dimensional shape with four bonding groups symmetrically arranged around a central element.
  • Trigonal Pyramidal
    Pyramid-like shape with three bonding groups and one lone pair, where the lone pair occupies the pyramid's apex.
  • Central Element
    Atom in a molecule to which surrounding elements and electron groups are attached, determining overall geometry.
  • Surrounding Element
    Atom bonded to the central element, forming part of the molecule's shape.