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Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes
Martini - Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology 11th Edition
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoMartini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 27 Fluids & ElectrolytesProblema 11
Capitolo 26, Problema 11

Drinking a solution hypotonic to the ECF causes the ECF to:
(a) Increase in volume and become hypertonic to the ICF
(b) Decrease in volume and become hypertonic to the ICF
(c) Decrease in volume and become hypotonic to the ICF
(d) Increase in volume and become hypotonic to the ICF

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Step 1: Understand the terms involved. The ECF (extracellular fluid) is the fluid outside cells, and the ICF (intracellular fluid) is the fluid inside cells. 'Hypotonic' means having a lower solute concentration compared to another solution, while 'hypertonic' means having a higher solute concentration.
Step 2: Recognize that drinking a hypotonic solution means introducing fluid with lower solute concentration than the ECF into the body, which will dilute the ECF, lowering its solute concentration.
Step 3: Since the ECF solute concentration decreases, water will move by osmosis from the ECF into the ICF (cells) because water moves from areas of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration to balance osmotic pressure.
Step 4: As water moves into the cells, the volume of the ECF decreases because fluid is leaving the extracellular space and entering the intracellular space.
Step 5: Because the ECF solute concentration is now lower than that of the ICF, the ECF becomes hypotonic relative to the ICF.

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Extracellular Fluid (ECF) and Intracellular Fluid (ICF) Compartments

The body’s fluids are divided mainly into ECF (outside cells) and ICF (inside cells). Understanding their volumes and solute concentrations is essential because fluid shifts between these compartments depend on osmotic gradients created by solute differences.
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Intracellular Receptors and Direct Gene Action Example 1

Tonicity and Its Effect on Cell Volume

Tonicity refers to the relative concentration of solutes in a solution compared to another solution, affecting water movement. A hypotonic solution has lower solute concentration, causing water to move into cells, potentially increasing cell volume and altering ECF volume and tonicity.
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Environmental Tonicity Affects Cells

Osmosis and Fluid Movement Across Cell Membranes

Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration. When hypotonic fluid is ingested, water moves from ECF into ICF, changing volumes and solute concentrations in both compartments.
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Direction of Osmosis
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(b) A severe bicarbonate loss occurs

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The osmotic concentration of the ECF decreases if an individual gains water without a corresponding:

(a) Gain of electrolytes

(b) Loss of water

(c) Fluid shift from the ECF to the ICF

(d) All of these

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When the pH of body fluids begins to decrease, free amino acids and proteins will 

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(c) Release a hydrogen at the carboxyl group

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Respiratory acidosis develops when the blood pH is:

(a) Increased due to a decreased blood P𝒸ₒ₂ level

(b) Decreased due to an increased blood P𝒸ₒ₂ level

(c) Increased due to an increased blood P𝒸ₒ₂ level

(d) Decreased due to a decreased blood P𝒸ₒ₂ level

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