Give systematic names for the following carboxylic acids:

d. CH₃(CH₂)₅COOH

Give systematic names for the following carboxylic acid salts:

a.

Give systematic names for the following carboxylic acid salts:

c.

Draw structures corresponding to the following names:

c. 3,3-Dimethyl-4-phenylpentanoic acid

Fumaric acid is a metabolic intermediate that has the systematic name trans-2-butenedioic acid. Draw its structure.

What is the formula for the diammonium salt of fumaric acid?

Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:

d. Phenyl-o-hydroxybenzoate

Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:

b. Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate

Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:

c.

Draw structures of the carboxylic acids and alcohols you would use to prepare each ester in Problem 17.54.

a.

b.

c. Cyclohexyl acetate

d. Phenyl-o-hydroxybenzoate

Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:

c. N-Ethyl-N-methylbenzamide

Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:

a. 3-Methylpentanamide

Give systematic names for the following structures and structures for the names:

b. N-Phenylacetamide

Procaine, a local anesthetic whose hydrochloride is Novocain, has the following structure. Identify the functional groups present, and show the structures of the alcohol and carboxylic acids you would use to prepare procaine.

Lactones are cyclic esters in which the carboxylic acid part and the alcohol part are connected to form a ring. One of the most notorious lactones is gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), whose hydrolysis product is the 'date-rape' drug GHB. Draw the structure of GHB.

When both the carboxylic acid and the amine are in the same molecule, amide formation produces lactams. A lactam is a cyclic amide, where the amide group is part of the ring. Draw the structure of the product(s) obtained from acid hydrolysis of these lactams.

a.

Household soap is a mixture of the sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids that arise from saponification of animal fat.

b. Draw the structures of the soap molecules produced in the following reaction:

A simple polyamide can be made from ethylenediamine and oxalic acid (Table 17.1). Draw the polymer formed when three units of ethylenediamine reacts with two units of oxalic acid.

In the following compound

a. Identify the phosphate ester linkage.

In the following compound

b. Identify the phosphate anhydride linkage.

Cyclic ribose nucleotide phosphates, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP), are important signaling agents in living cells; all have the general structure shown here. What kind of linkage holds the phosphate to the ribose (see arrows; ribose is highlighted in blue)?

What is the difference between a phosphate diester and an ester of a diphosphate? Give an example of each.

Propanamide and methyl acetate have about the same molar mass, both are quite soluble in water, and yet the boiling point of propanamide is 213 °C, whereas that of methyl acetate is 57 °C. Explain.

Mention at least two simple chemical tests by which you can distinguish between benzaldehyde and benzoic acid.

Write the formula of the triester formed from glycerol and stearic acid.

Each of the following materials has an ester that is responsible for its smell and/or flavor. Search the internet and determine what that ester is, draw its structure, and what carboxylic acid and alcohol are used to form it. 

a. Juicy Fruit gum flavoring

Draw all possible carboxylic acids with the formula C₅H₁₀O₂.