Dilute urine is produced when decreased levels of______ are secreted.
a. Aldosterone
b. Atrial natriuretic peptide
c. ADH
d. None of the above

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand the role of each hormone listed in the options. Aldosterone regulates sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) promotes sodium and water excretion, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Step 2: Recall the physiological mechanism of urine concentration. Concentrated urine is produced when water is reabsorbed in the kidneys, which is primarily influenced by ADH. Conversely, dilute urine is produced when water reabsorption is reduced.

Step 3: Analyze the effect of decreased levels of each hormone. Decreased aldosterone would reduce sodium reabsorption, but this does not directly lead to dilute urine. Decreased ANP would reduce sodium excretion, which also does not directly cause dilute urine. Decreased ADH, however, reduces water reabsorption, leading to the production of dilute urine.

Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options based on the analysis. Since decreased ADH directly leads to dilute urine, it is the correct answer. The other hormones do not have a direct role in producing dilute urine.

Step 5: Conclude that the correct answer is 'c. ADH' because decreased levels of ADH reduce water reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in the production of dilute urine.

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주요 개념

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Aldosterone

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body. It promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which leads to water retention and increased blood volume. When aldosterone levels are low, less sodium is reabsorbed, resulting in dilute urine as more water is excreted.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It regulates water balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. Low levels of ADH lead to decreased water reabsorption, resulting in dilute urine as more water is lost in urine.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone secreted by the heart's atria in response to increased blood volume and pressure. It promotes natriuresis, the excretion of sodium through urine, which leads to increased urine output and decreased blood volume. While ANP contributes to urine dilution, its primary role is to counteract the effects of aldosterone and ADH.

Dilute urine is produced when decreased levels of______ are secreted.a. Aldosteroneb. Atrial natriuretic peptidec. ADHd. None of the above