Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium

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Tro 6th Edition

Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium

문제 53

Consider the reaction and the associated equilibrium constant: aA(g) ⇌ bB(g) Kc = 4.0 Find the equilibrium concentrations of A and B for each value of a and b. Assume that the initial concentration of A in each case is 1.0 M and that no B is present at the beginning of the reaction. c. a=1;b=2

문제 54

Consider the reaction and the associated equilibrium constant: aA(g) + bB(g) ⇌ cC(g) with Kc = 5.0. Find the equilibrium concentrations of A, B, and C for the given values of a, b, and c. Assume that the initial concentrations of A and B are each 1.0 M and that no product is present at the beginning of the reaction. Calculate the equations for x without solving them for the following cases: a) a=1, b=1, c=2; b) a=1, b=1, c=1; c) a=2, b=1, c=1.

문제 55

For the reaction shown here, K_c = 0.513 at 500 K. N₂O₄(g) ⇌ 2 NO₂(g) If a reaction vessel initially contains an N₂O₄concentration of 0.0500 M at 500 K, what are the equilibrium concentrations of N₂O₄and NO₂ at 500 K?

문제 56

For the reaction shown here, K_c = 255 at 1000 K. CO(g) + Cl₂(g) ⇌ COCl₂(g) If a reaction mixture initially contains a CO concentration of 0.1500 M and a Cl₂ concentration of 0.175 M at 1000 K, what are the equilibrium concentrations of CO, Cl₂, and COCl₂ at 1000 K?

문제 57

Consider the reaction: NiO(s) + CO(g) ⇌ Ni(s) + CO2(g) Kc = 4.0 * 10^3 at 1500 K. If a mixture of solid nickel(II) oxide and 0.20 M carbon monoxide comes to equilibrium at 1500 K, what is the equilibrium concentration of CO2?

문제 58

Consider the reaction: CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g) Kc = 102 at 500 K. If a reaction mixture initially contains 0.110 M CO and 0.110 M H2O, what will the equilibrium concentration of each of the reactants and products be?

문제 59

Consider the reaction: HC₂H₃O₂(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + C₂H₃O₂^-(aq) K_c = 1.8⨉10^-5 at 25°C If a solution initially contains 0.210 M HC₂H₃O₂, what is the equilibrium concentration of H₃O⁺ at 25 °C?

문제 60

Consider the reaction: SO₂Cl₂(g) ⇌ SO₂(g) + Cl₂(g) K_c = 2.99⨉10^-7 at 227 °C If a reaction mixture initially contains 0.175 M SO₂Cl₂, what is the equilibrium concentration of Cl₂ at 227 °C?

문제 61

Consider the reaction: Br2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2BrCl(g) with Kp = 1.11 * 10^-4 at 150 K. A reaction mixture initially contains a Br2 partial pressure of 755 torr and a Cl2 partial pressure of 735 torr at 150 K. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of BrCl.

문제 63

Consider the reaction: A(g) ⇌ B(g) + C(g) Find the equilibrium concentrations of A, B, and C for each value of K_c. Assume that the initial concentration of A in each case is 1.0 M and that the reaction mixture initially contains no products. Make any appropriate simplifying assumptions. b. K_c = 0.010

문제 64

Consider the reaction: A(g) ⇌ 2B(g). Find the equilibrium partial pressures of A and B for each value of Kp. Assume that the initial partial pressure of B in each case is 1.0 atm and that the initial partial pressure of A is 0.0 atm. Make any appropriate simplifying assumptions. a. Kp = 1.0 b. Kp = 1.0 × 10^-4 c. Kp = 1.0 × 10^5.

문제 68a

Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2 BrNO(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. a. NO is added to the reaction mixture.

문제 68b

Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2 BrNO(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. b. BrNO is added to the reaction mixture.

문제 68c

Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2 BrNO(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance. c. Br₂is removed from the reaction mixture.

문제 70a

Consider this reaction at equilibrium:

C(s) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2(g)

Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance.

a. C is removed from the reaction mixture.

문제 71b

Each reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, and then the volume is changed as indicated. Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of the indicated volume change. a. I₂( g) ⇌ 2 I( g) (volume is increased) b. 2 H₂S( g) ⇌ 2 H₂( g) + S₂(g) (volume is decreased) c. I₂(g) + Cl₂(g) ⇌ 2 ICl(g) (volume is decreased)

문제 72a

Each reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, and then the volume is changed as indicated. Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of the indicated volume change. a. CO(g) + H₂O( g) ⇌ CO₂(g) + H₂(g) (volume is decreased)

문제 72b

문제 72c

문제 73

This reaction is endothermic. C(s) + CO₂(g) ⇌ 2 CO(g) Predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of increasing and decreasing the reaction temperature. How does the value of the equilibrium constant depend on temperature?

문제 75b

Coal, which is primarily carbon, can be converted to natural gas, primarily CH₄, by the exothermic reaction: C(s) + 2 H₂(g) ⇌ CH₄(g) Which disturbance will favor CH₄ at equilibrium?

a. adding more C to the reaction mixture b. adding more H₂ to the reaction mixture d. lowering the volume of the reaction mixture f. adding neon gas to the reaction mixture

문제 75c

Coal, which is primarily carbon, can be converted to natural gas, primarily CH₄, by the exothermic reaction: C(s) + 2 H₂(g) ⇌ CH₄(g) Which disturbance will favor CH₄ at equilibrium? c. raising the temperature of the reaction mixture

문제 75e

문제 76

Coal can be used to generate hydrogen gas (a potential fuel) by the endothermic reaction: C(s) + H₂O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H₂(g) If this reaction mixture is at equilibrium, predict whether each disturbance will result in the formation of additional hydrogen gas, the formation of less hydrogen gas, or have no effect on the quantity of hydrogen gas. e. adding a catalyst to the reaction mixture

문제 77

Carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in oxygenated hemoglobin according to the reaction: HbO₂(aq) + CO(aq) ⇌ HbCO(aq) + O₂(aq) a. Use the reactions and associated equilibrium constants at body temperature given here to find the equilibrium constant for the reaction just shown. Hb(aq) + O₂(aq) ⇌ HbO₂(aq) K_c = 1.8 Hb(aq) + CO(aq) ⇌ HbCO(aq) K_c = 306

문제 79

The reaction CO2(g) + C(s) ⇌ 2 CO(g) has Kp = 5.78 at 1200 K. a. Calculate the total pressure at equilibrium when 4.45 g of CO2 is introduced into a 10.0-L container and heated to 1200 K in the presence of 2.00 g of graphite. b. Repeat the calculation of part a in the presence of 0.50 g of graphite.

문제 81

At 650 K, the reaction MgCO₃(s) ⇌ MgO(s) + CO₂(g) has K_p = 0.026. A 10.0-L container at 650 K has 1.0 g of MgO(s) and CO₂ at P = 0.0260 atm. The container is then compressed to a volume of 0.100 L. Find the mass of MgCO₃ that is formed.

문제 82

A system at equilibrium contains I2(g) at a pressure of 0.21 atm and I(g) at a pressure of 0.23 atm. The system is then compressed to half its volume. Find the pressure of each gas when the system returns to equilibrium.

문제 83

Consider the exothermic reaction: C₂H₄(g) + Cl₂(g) ⇌ C₂H₄Cl₂(g) If you were trying to maximize the amount of C₂H₄Cl₂produced, which tactic might you try? Assume that the reaction mixture reaches equilibrium. a. increasing the reaction volume b. removing C₂H₄Cl₂from the reaction mixture as it forms c. lowering the reaction temperature d. adding Cl₂

문제 84

Consider the endothermic reaction: C₂H₄(g) + I₂(g) ⇌ C₂H₄I₂(g) If you were trying to maximize the amount of C₂H₄I₂produced, which tactic might you try? Assume that the reaction mixture reaches equilibrium. a. decreasing the reaction volume b. removing I₂ from the reaction mixture c. raising the reaction temperature d. adding C₂H₄ to the reaction mixture